{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388094051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631146","title":"A Scalable Wear Leveling Technique for Phase Change Memory","display_name":"A Scalable Wear Leveling Technique for Phase Change Memory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388094051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631146","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708432","display_name":"Wang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-1045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-1045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055210733","display_name":"Israel Koren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-7108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Koren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-7108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82813036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8033208847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.6747687458992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5888685584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5422831773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.38847190141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16685175895690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.12602967023849487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8033208847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.6747687458992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5888685584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5422831773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.38847190141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16685175895690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.12602967023849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388094051.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388094051.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002526514","https://openalex.org/W2005917534","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2102449048","https://openalex.org/W2110569472","https://openalex.org/W2112753327","https://openalex.org/W2112768159","https://openalex.org/W2135393827","https://openalex.org/W2149627879","https://openalex.org/W2154001575","https://openalex.org/W2477598517","https://openalex.org/W2588293627","https://openalex.org/W2589107828","https://openalex.org/W2592978932","https://openalex.org/W2613935737","https://openalex.org/W2626265663","https://openalex.org/W2757797997","https://openalex.org/W2833453026","https://openalex.org/W3116945795","https://openalex.org/W4233808154","https://openalex.org/W4241244661","https://openalex.org/W4244361616","https://openalex.org/W4249654426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104335563","https://openalex.org/W2791399427","https://openalex.org/W2317775939","https://openalex.org/W2746127745","https://openalex.org/W2956935485","https://openalex.org/W2089145438","https://openalex.org/W2029580196","https://openalex.org/W2003932139","https://openalex.org/W2163661908","https://openalex.org/W3144682259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"Change":[1],"Memory":[2],"(PCM),":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,37,64,91,118,149,167,176,213,248,253,287],"the":[6,35,61,70,80,92,105,119,146,181,189,205,214,220,245,263,307],"recently":[7],"proposed":[8,58,206,264,301],"non-volatile":[9],"memory":[10,40,100,106,269],"technologies,":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13,57],"suffering":[14],"from":[15,255],"low":[16],"write":[17,62,147,270],"endurance.":[18],"For":[19],"example,":[20],"a":[21,38,42,65,128,136,150,153,162,177,192,199,285],"single-layer":[22],"PCM":[23,151,182,252,286,308],"cell":[24],"could":[25,210],"only":[26,96,172],"be":[27,202],"written":[28,203],"approximately":[29],"10":[30],"8":[31],".":[32],"This":[33],"limits":[34],"lifetime":[36,121,216,250],"PCM-based":[39],"to":[41,59,123,144,180,234,257,305],"few":[43],"days":[44],"rather":[45],"than":[46,125,228,272],"years":[47],"when":[48],"memory-intensive":[49],"applications":[50],"are":[51],"running.":[52],"Wear":[53],"leveling":[54,139],"techniques":[55],"have":[56],"improve":[60],"endurance":[63,148],"PCM.":[66,130],"Among":[67],"those":[68],"techniques,":[69],"region-based":[71],"start-gap":[72],"(RBSG)":[73],"scheme":[74,140,209,240,265,304],"is":[75,241],"widely":[76],"cited":[77],"as":[78],"achieving":[79],"highest":[81],"lifetime.":[82],"Based":[83],"on":[84,217],"our":[85,239,300],"experiments,":[86],"RBSG":[87,110,283],"can":[88,266],"achieve":[89,211],"97%":[90],"ideal":[93,120,215,249],"lifetime,":[94],"but":[95],"for":[97,127,219,251,279,284],"relatively":[98],"small":[99],"sizes":[101],"(e.g.,":[102],"8\u201332GB).":[103],"As":[104],"size":[107,254,288],"goes":[108],"up,":[109],"becomes":[111],"less":[112,124,227],"effective":[113],"and":[114,165,184,223,232,243,276,282],"its":[115],"expected":[116],"percentage":[117,247],"reduces":[122],"57%":[126],"2TB":[129],"In":[131],"this":[132],"article,":[133],"we":[134,293],"propose":[135],"table-based":[137],"wear":[138],"called":[141],"block":[142,207,302],"grouping":[143,208,303],"enhance":[145],"with":[152,161,226],"negligible":[154],"overhead.":[155,237],"Our":[156],"research":[157],"results":[158],"show":[159,261],"that":[160,262],"proper":[163],"configuration":[164],"adoption":[166],"partial":[168],"writes":[169],"(writing":[170],"back":[171],"64B":[173],"subblocks":[174,190],"instead":[175],"whole":[178],"row":[179,186,193,200],"arrays)":[183],"internal":[185],"shift":[187],"(shifting":[188],"in":[191,198],"periodically":[194],"so":[195],"no":[196],"subblock":[197],"will":[201],"repeatedly),":[204],"95%":[212],"average":[218],"Rodinia,":[221],"NPB,":[222],"SPEC":[224],"benchmarks":[225],"1.74%":[229],"performance":[230],"overhead":[231],"up":[233],"0.18%":[235],"hardware":[236],"Moreover,":[238],"scalable":[242],"achieves":[244],"same":[246],"8GB":[256],"2TB.":[258],"We":[259],"also":[260],"better":[267],"tolerate":[268],"attacks":[271],"WoLFRaM":[273],"(Wear":[274],"Leveling":[275],"Fault":[277],"Tolerance":[278],"Resistive":[280],"Memories)":[281],"32GB":[289],"or":[290],"higher.":[291],"Finally,":[292],"integrate":[294],"an":[295],"error-correcting":[296],"pointer":[297],"technique":[298],"into":[299],"make":[306],"fault":[309],"tolerant":[310],"against":[311],"hard":[312],"errors.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}