{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399605340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630744.3658415","title":"Investigating Bias in Political Search Query Suggestions by Relative Comparison with LLMs","display_name":"Investigating Bias in Political Search Query Suggestions by Relative Comparison with LLMs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399605340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630744.3658415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630744.3658415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630744.3658415","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630744.3658415","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 16th ACM Web Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630744.3658415","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085724158","display_name":"Fabian Haak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Haak","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-7860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009996015","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Engelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7074-9066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Engelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7074-9066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069870136","display_name":"Christin Katharina Kreutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christin Katharina Kreutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-7699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087564658","display_name":"Philipp Schaer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-4632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Schaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-4632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.7167048454284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6975962519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.6325258016586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6030489206314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.5692155361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5379183292388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5293130278587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.49891114234924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4988400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47965624928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.4260767102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.41752195358276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.4165571928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1515520215034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14217329025268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08981013298034668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.7167048454284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6975962519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.6325258016586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6030489206314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.5692155361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5379183292388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5293130278587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.49891114234924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4988400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47965624928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4260767102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.41752195358276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.4165571928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1515520215034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14217329025268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08981013298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630744.3658415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630744.3658415","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630744.3658415","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 16th ACM Web Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.23879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23879","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.23879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630744.3658415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630744.3658415","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630744.3658415","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 16th ACM Web Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399605340.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965237068","https://openalex.org/W2099865247","https://openalex.org/W2130316040","https://openalex.org/W2796806625","https://openalex.org/W2888099522","https://openalex.org/W2990384129","https://openalex.org/W3099270843","https://openalex.org/W3174395954","https://openalex.org/W3178122051","https://openalex.org/W3213423586","https://openalex.org/W4283450956","https://openalex.org/W4367046654","https://openalex.org/W6641567847","https://openalex.org/W6797928692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2901901036","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2013069866","https://openalex.org/W1793997780","https://openalex.org/W2538384344","https://openalex.org/W8514837","https://openalex.org/W2146885082","https://openalex.org/W2170741935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Search":[0],"query":[1,20,68,98],"suggestions":[2,21,69],"affect":[3],"users\u2019":[4],"interactions":[5],"with":[6],"search":[7,19,28,49,97],"engines,":[8],"which":[9],"then":[10],"influences":[11],"the":[12,40,79,105],"information":[13],"they":[14],"encounter.":[15],"Thus,":[16],"bias":[17,46,94,112],"in":[18,39,47,95,113],"can":[22,31],"lead":[23],"to":[24,26,54,90,104],"exposure":[25],"biased":[27],"results":[29],"and":[30,44,59,65,87,92,110,115],"impact":[32],"opinion":[33],"formation.":[34],"This":[35],"is":[36,51],"especially":[37],"critical":[38],"political":[41,107],"domain.":[42],"Detecting":[43],"quantifying":[45],"web":[48],"engines":[50],"difficult":[52],"due":[53],"its":[55],"topic":[56],"dependency,":[57],"complexity,":[58],"subjectivity.":[60],"The":[61],"lack":[62],"of":[63,67,81],"context":[64],"phrasality":[66],"emphasizes":[70],"this":[71],"problem.":[72],"In":[73],"a":[74],"multi-step":[75],"approach,":[76],"we":[77],"combine":[78],"benefits":[80],"large":[82],"language":[83],"models,":[84],"pairwise":[85],"comparison,":[86],"Elo-based":[88],"scoring":[89],"identify":[91],"quantify":[93],"English":[96],"suggestions.":[99],"We":[100],"apply":[101],"our":[102],"approach":[103],"U.S.":[106],"news":[108],"domain":[109],"compare":[111],"Google":[114],"Bing.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2024-06-14T00:00:00"}
