{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389613186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630590.3630604","title":"A First Look into the Third-Party Web Dependencies in China","display_name":"A First Look into the Third-Party Web Dependencies in China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389613186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630590.3630604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630590.3630604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630590.3630604","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630590.3630604","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Asian Internet Engineering Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630590.3630604","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330770","display_name":"Zhenyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and Purple Mountain Laboratories, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-1124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and Purple Mountain Laboratories, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029547344","display_name":"Yiwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0544-5100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0544-5100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100330770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210155350"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54131909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party","display_name":"Third party","score":0.8152084946632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7482134103775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.6285013556480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-web","display_name":"Deep Web","score":0.5316588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.51069575548172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.49868178367614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44908756017684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.43057122826576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3829907178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.36005669832229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34104692935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.1788504421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1710483431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11947736144065857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.8152084946632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7482134103775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.6285013556480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46721378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221989","display_name":"Deep Web","level":3,"score":0.5316588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.51069575548172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.49868178367614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44908756017684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.43057122826576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3829907178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.36005669832229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34104692935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.1788504421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1710483431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11947736144065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630590.3630604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630590.3630604","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630590.3630604","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Asian Internet Engineering Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630590.3630604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630590.3630604","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630590.3630604","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Asian Internet Engineering Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5715666106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6958661067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389613186.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090106845","https://openalex.org/W2602142008","https://openalex.org/W2605157885","https://openalex.org/W2792053284","https://openalex.org/W2908281360","https://openalex.org/W2917878349","https://openalex.org/W3013180214","https://openalex.org/W3093525904","https://openalex.org/W3094480867","https://openalex.org/W4211053822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166443687","https://openalex.org/W2118472448","https://openalex.org/W2272650572","https://openalex.org/W2552528289","https://openalex.org/W9241762","https://openalex.org/W2135434501","https://openalex.org/W134612904","https://openalex.org/W2139391839","https://openalex.org/W2054449208","https://openalex.org/W2743857273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"network":[1],"services":[2,104],"are":[3],"provided":[4],"by":[5,119],"third-party":[6,47,58,92],"providers,":[7],"e.g.":[8],"name":[9,102],"resolution,":[10],"content":[11,60],"hosting,":[12],"certificate":[13,64],"authorities.":[14,65],"Dependence":[15],"on":[16,57,68,91],"these":[17],"providers":[18,93],"may":[19],"lead":[20],"to":[21,37],"cascading":[22],"failures,":[23,33],"resulting":[24],"in":[25,97,115,132],"many":[26],"websites":[27,89,96,124],"becoming":[28],"unavailable.":[29],"To":[30],"mitigate":[31],"the":[32,43,54,69,77,129],"it":[34],"is":[35,117],"necessary":[36],"have":[38],"a":[39],"deep":[40],"understanding":[41],"of":[42,46],"current":[44],"situation":[45],"dependencies.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52],"analyze":[53],"web":[55],"dependencies":[56],"DNS,":[59],"delivery":[61],"networks":[62],"and":[63,76,87,105,121],"We":[66],"focus":[67],"discrepancies":[70],"that":[71,83],"might":[72],"exist":[73],"between":[74],"China":[75,98,116,133],"global":[78,88],"footprint.":[79],"Our":[80],"results":[81],"reveals":[82],"while":[84],"both":[85],"China\u2019s":[86,123],"rely":[90],"heavily,":[94],"popular":[95],"prefer":[99],"building":[100],"private":[101],"resolution":[103],"deploy":[106],"CDNs":[107],"more":[108,111],"redundantly.":[109],"Perhaps":[110],"importantly,":[112],"CA":[113],"verification":[114],"dominated":[118],"DigiCert":[120],"fewer":[122],"enable":[125],"OCSP":[126],"Stapling,":[127],"making":[128],"HTTPs":[130],"ecosystem":[131],"extremely":[134],"fragile.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
