{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399364539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050","title":"Racial/Ethnic Categories in AI and Algorithmic Fairness: Why They Matter and What They Represent","display_name":"Racial/Ethnic Categories in AI and Algorithmic Fairness: Why They Matter and What They Represent","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399364539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630106.3659050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095382883","display_name":"Jennifer Mickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7517-0460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Mickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7517-0460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095382883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91833811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2484","last_page":"2494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9358000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13051","display_name":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","score":0.9358000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racialization","display_name":"Racialization","score":0.9890537858009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6774063110351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-formation-theory","display_name":"Racial formation theory","score":0.629754364490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6266272068023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5156575441360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"Racism","score":0.47187939286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.46402767300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.45896080136299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.41039717197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3747270107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34911006689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.32676786184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31608039140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.2439504861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies","display_name":"Gender studies","score":0.20142683386802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09817445278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropology","display_name":"Anthropology","score":0.08380588889122009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780443679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10649809","display_name":"Racialization","level":3,"score":0.9890537858009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6774063110351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35730967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279582","display_name":"Racial formation theory","level":3,"score":0.629754364490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6266272068023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5156575441360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.47187939286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.46402767300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.45896080136299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41039717197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3747270107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34911006689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.32676786184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31608039140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2439504861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.20142683386802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09817445278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.08380588889122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630106.3659050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630106.3659050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3659050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493987356","https://openalex.org/W1526819412","https://openalex.org/W1590863605","https://openalex.org/W1606045315","https://openalex.org/W1972578370","https://openalex.org/W1992095466","https://openalex.org/W1992521712","https://openalex.org/W2002900994","https://openalex.org/W2011153516","https://openalex.org/W2022665012","https://openalex.org/W2036015488","https://openalex.org/W2050573582","https://openalex.org/W2119504936","https://openalex.org/W2123319919","https://openalex.org/W2133219496","https://openalex.org/W2167218551","https://openalex.org/W2467006643","https://openalex.org/W2573546368","https://openalex.org/W2585595554","https://openalex.org/W2763757000","https://openalex.org/W2802889799","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2902633481","https://openalex.org/W2911227954","https://openalex.org/W2920831196","https://openalex.org/W2963917042","https://openalex.org/W2992319600","https://openalex.org/W3013571594","https://openalex.org/W3081346122","https://openalex.org/W3098026648","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3127678221","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3161695571","https://openalex.org/W3162866579","https://openalex.org/W3175249479","https://openalex.org/W3178238912","https://openalex.org/W3185727840","https://openalex.org/W3200957822","https://openalex.org/W3209763391","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4206354249","https://openalex.org/W4210510335","https://openalex.org/W4210688671","https://openalex.org/W4210941174","https://openalex.org/W4213054855","https://openalex.org/W4221104163","https://openalex.org/W4229447062","https://openalex.org/W4249194216","https://openalex.org/W4253763531","https://openalex.org/W4283155630","https://openalex.org/W4283166825","https://openalex.org/W4283374420","https://openalex.org/W4288083793","https://openalex.org/W4288083803","https://openalex.org/W4292836422","https://openalex.org/W4297972750","https://openalex.org/W4300532192","https://openalex.org/W4311419240","https://openalex.org/W4380875633","https://openalex.org/W6831278067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013477130","https://openalex.org/W4309169557","https://openalex.org/W4224282121","https://openalex.org/W2938879361","https://openalex.org/W1523896388","https://openalex.org/W1567933240","https://openalex.org/W1570111608","https://openalex.org/W1539917031","https://openalex.org/W4394774633","https://openalex.org/W4210719082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Racial":[0],"diversity":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"discussed":[5],"within":[6],"the":[7,20,48,54,67,95,101,107,120,134],"AI":[8],"and":[9,25,46,71,100,111,123],"algorithmic":[10],"fairness":[11],"literature,":[12],"yet":[13],"little":[14],"attention":[15,38],"is":[16,39,104],"focused":[17],"on":[18,53],"justifying":[19],"choices":[21],"of":[22,56,64,84,97],"racial":[23,34,43,68,98,112,124],"categories":[24,44,69,78,99,113,125],"understanding":[26,63,96],"how":[27,42,47,72],"people":[28,73],"are":[29,74,127,137],"racialized":[30,75],"into":[31,76],"these":[32,77,85],"chosen":[33,70],"categories.":[35,86],"Even":[36],"less":[37],"given":[40],"to":[41,81,92],"shift":[45],"racialization":[49,102,109,121],"process":[50,103,110,122],"changes":[51],"depending":[52],"context":[55,135],"a":[57],"dataset":[58],"or":[59,129],"model.":[60],"An":[61],"unclear":[62],"who":[65],"comprises":[66],"can":[79,90,116],"lead":[80,91],"varying":[82,88],"interpretations":[83,89],"These":[87],"harm":[93],"when":[94],"misaligned":[105],"from":[106],"actual":[108],"used.":[114],"Harm":[115],"also":[117],"arise":[118],"if":[119],"used":[126],"irrelevant":[128],"do":[130],"not":[131],"exist":[132],"in":[133],"they":[136],"applied.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}