{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389109097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630048.3630182","title":"Federated Learning is Better with Non-Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Federated Learning is Better with Non-Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389109097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630048.3630182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630048.3630182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630048.3630182","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630048.3630182","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630048.3630182","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006486824","display_name":"Konstantin Burlachenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Burlachenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-0855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093365628","display_name":"Abdulmajeed Alrowithi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-4764"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmajeed Alrowithi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saudi Data and AI Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-4764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saudi Data and AI Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047099166","display_name":"Fahad Albalawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-2977"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Ali Albalawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saudi Data and AI Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-2977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saudi Data and AI Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036598221","display_name":"Peter Richt\u00e1rik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Richt\u00e1rik","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-5848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72036382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8820315599441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7610419988632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5716145634651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3328423798084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3275277614593506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8820315599441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7610419988632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5716145634651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3328423798084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3275277614593506}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630048.3630182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630048.3630182","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630048.3630182","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.02074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02074","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.02074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630048.3630182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630048.3630182","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630048.3630182","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389109097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389109097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W150223756","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1515595447","https://openalex.org/W1518716055","https://openalex.org/W1557833142","https://openalex.org/W1578463314","https://openalex.org/W1598866093","https://openalex.org/W1773948110","https://openalex.org/W1842847600","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2065151783","https://openalex.org/W2084641398","https://openalex.org/W2095595785","https://openalex.org/W2110868467","https://openalex.org/W2114184981","https://openalex.org/W2137122127","https://openalex.org/W2148888468","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2519249189","https://openalex.org/W2570230384","https://openalex.org/W2617766261","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2766140019","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2769644379","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2808495300","https://openalex.org/W2884700152","https://openalex.org/W2896479683","https://openalex.org/W2902114605","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2940810329","https://openalex.org/W2946198813","https://openalex.org/W2947113260","https://openalex.org/W2953142624","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963766684","https://openalex.org/W2990215301","https://openalex.org/W3000378852","https://openalex.org/W3028867652","https://openalex.org/W3033511014","https://openalex.org/W3037261120","https://openalex.org/W3037847693","https://openalex.org/W3043303805","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3166105673","https://openalex.org/W3166972615","https://openalex.org/W3198069777","https://openalex.org/W3204188483","https://openalex.org/W3215079859","https://openalex.org/W4205915954","https://openalex.org/W4220735296","https://openalex.org/W4226460776","https://openalex.org/W4280604672","https://openalex.org/W4283073496","https://openalex.org/W4287237144","https://openalex.org/W4294106961","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4300651552","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W4376167054","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4393118461","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W2949835517","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W4401752887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"AI":[1,30],"methodologies":[2,51],"necessitate":[3],"centralized":[4],"data":[5,16],"collection,":[6],"which":[7,127],"becomes":[8],"impractical":[9],"when":[10],"facing":[11],"problems":[12],"with":[13,93,122],"network":[14],"communication,":[15],"privacy,":[17],"or":[18],"storage":[19],"capacity.":[20],"Federated":[21],"Learning":[22],"(FL)":[23],"offers":[24,116],"a":[25,58,69,117],"paradigm":[26],"that":[27,89],"empowers":[28],"distributed":[29],"model":[31],"training":[32,132],"without":[33],"collecting":[34],"raw":[35],"data.":[36],"There":[37],"are":[38],"different":[39],"choices":[40],"for":[41,130],"providing":[42],"privacy":[43],"during":[44],"FL":[45],"training.":[46],"One":[47],"of":[48,74,112],"the":[49,72,107,110,131],"popular":[50],"is":[52],"employing":[53,98],"Homomorphic":[54],"Encryption":[55],"(HE)":[56],"--":[57],"breakthrough":[59],"in":[60,71,106,109,143],"privacy-preserving":[61],"computation":[62,76],"from":[63],"Cryptography.":[64],"However,":[65],"these":[66,82],"methods":[67],"have":[68],"price":[70],"form":[73],"extra":[75],"and":[77,138],"memory":[78],"footprint.":[79],"To":[80],"resolve":[81],"issues,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"an":[86],"innovative":[87],"framework":[88,115],"synergizes":[90],"permutation-based":[91],"compressors":[92],"Classical":[94,99,124],"Cryptography,":[95],"even":[96],"though":[97],"Cryptography":[100,125],"was":[101],"assumed":[102],"to":[103,119],"be":[104],"impossible":[105],"past":[108],"context":[111],"FL.":[113],"Our":[114],"way":[118],"replace":[120],"HE":[121],"cheaper":[123],"primitives":[126],"provides":[128,139],"security":[129],"process.":[133],"It":[134],"fosters":[135],"asynchronous":[136],"communication":[137,145],"flexible":[140],"deployment":[141],"options":[142],"various":[144],"topologies.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
