{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387868939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630011","title":"A Post-training Framework for Improving the Performance of Deep Learning Models via Model Transformation","display_name":"A Post-training Framework for Improving the Performance of Deep Learning Models via Model Transformation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387868939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044689090","display_name":"Jiajun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-6572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088807020","display_name":"Junjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-1190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-1190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685570","display_name":"Yingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-8903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707447","display_name":"Zan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047258377","display_name":"Hanmo You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanmo You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-7801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365555","display_name":"Junjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73818093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.861762523651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7851532101631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6068309545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5488255620002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.44460174441337585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.861762523651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7851532101631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6068309545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5488255620002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.44460174441337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3630011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5748497949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202324 and 62322208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8073827331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1979769549","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2122947685","https://openalex.org/W2132525863","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2158406371","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2209100941","https://openalex.org/W2230740169","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2516574342","https://openalex.org/W2518136680","https://openalex.org/W2565186948","https://openalex.org/W2594481151","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2616399473","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2766624546","https://openalex.org/W2786977288","https://openalex.org/W2789444109","https://openalex.org/W2795030435","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2898868990","https://openalex.org/W2903695278","https://openalex.org/W2913848079","https://openalex.org/W2948132731","https://openalex.org/W2962756933","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2963598809","https://openalex.org/W2963639714","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W2968769570","https://openalex.org/W2973084513","https://openalex.org/W2973153063","https://openalex.org/W2974817986","https://openalex.org/W2985884876","https://openalex.org/W2993781365","https://openalex.org/W2999072931","https://openalex.org/W2999691867","https://openalex.org/W3000410628","https://openalex.org/W3002398329","https://openalex.org/W3003620414","https://openalex.org/W3004193104","https://openalex.org/W3005780259","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W3027225699","https://openalex.org/W3027373771","https://openalex.org/W3032152562","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3035204084","https://openalex.org/W3041012898","https://openalex.org/W3045514152","https://openalex.org/W3088735455","https://openalex.org/W3088864312","https://openalex.org/W3090119274","https://openalex.org/W3090608524","https://openalex.org/W3090943961","https://openalex.org/W3091633490","https://openalex.org/W3092833113","https://openalex.org/W3097455612","https://openalex.org/W3099376688","https://openalex.org/W3099610985","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3103741452","https://openalex.org/W3105580002","https://openalex.org/W3110369458","https://openalex.org/W3119781287","https://openalex.org/W3122184684","https://openalex.org/W3123858288","https://openalex.org/W3126963646","https://openalex.org/W3128390792","https://openalex.org/W3130354627","https://openalex.org/W3138154797","https://openalex.org/W3144874349","https://openalex.org/W3156188980","https://openalex.org/W3161493619","https://openalex.org/W3163395228","https://openalex.org/W3164255502","https://openalex.org/W3165292502","https://openalex.org/W3166873126","https://openalex.org/W3169232032","https://openalex.org/W3169424470","https://openalex.org/W3177888841","https://openalex.org/W3178864044","https://openalex.org/W3186232356","https://openalex.org/W3193448347","https://openalex.org/W3194157648","https://openalex.org/W3194586437","https://openalex.org/W3194588521","https://openalex.org/W3204610735","https://openalex.org/W3208507830","https://openalex.org/W3215974432","https://openalex.org/W4206742615","https://openalex.org/W4220700454","https://openalex.org/W4224249875","https://openalex.org/W4225582401","https://openalex.org/W4229675450","https://openalex.org/W4246807209","https://openalex.org/W4255845613","https://openalex.org/W4284701600","https://openalex.org/W4284709622","https://openalex.org/W4287640870","https://openalex.org/W4293580221","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4296592009","https://openalex.org/W4297814571","https://openalex.org/W4298071391","https://openalex.org/W4298771022","https://openalex.org/W4299360567","https://openalex.org/W4299522686","https://openalex.org/W4299967799","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W4301726735","https://openalex.org/W4308641598","https://openalex.org/W4308643061","https://openalex.org/W4313563424","https://openalex.org/W4313563691","https://openalex.org/W4313563818","https://openalex.org/W4384024815","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6689238212","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6758975236","https://openalex.org/W6843418500","https://openalex.org/W6980954492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"techniques":[3],"have":[4,12,31,199],"attracted":[5],"much":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,34,68,239,243],"recent":[9],"years":[10],"and":[11,43,75,122,126,184,212,215],"been":[13,32,65],"applied":[14],"to":[15,48,71,85,118,134,176,202],"many":[16,29],"application":[17],"scenarios.":[18],"To":[19,191],"improve":[20,135,186,277],"the":[21,35,41,50,86,136,166,174,178,187,193,244,254,267,278,282,285],"performance":[22,80,138,189,194],"of":[23,45,88,168,180,195,246,269,284],"DL":[24,46,208],"models":[25,47],"regarding":[26],"different":[27,140],"properties,":[28],"approaches":[30,93],"proposed":[33],"past":[36],"decades,":[37],"such":[38,101],"as":[39,102,235],"improving":[40,103,207],"robustness":[42,211,247],"fairness":[44,213,270,279],"meet":[49],"requirements":[51],"for":[52,98,110,160,206],"practical":[53],"use.":[54],"Among":[55],"existing":[56,92],"approaches,":[57],"post-training":[58,128],"is":[59,81,232,237],"an":[60,124,156],"effective":[61,125,238],"method":[62],"that":[63,150,229],"has":[64,252],"widely":[66],"adopted":[67],"practice":[69],"due":[70,84],"its":[72,79],"high":[73],"efficiency":[74],"good":[76],"performance.":[77],"Nevertheless,":[78],"still":[82],"limited":[83],"incompleteness":[87],"training":[89,170],"data.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"are":[94],"always":[95],"specifically":[96],"designed":[97],"certain":[99],"tasks,":[100],"model":[104,137,147,154,159,175,188],"robustness,":[105],"which":[106,130,162],"cannot":[107],"be":[108,132],"used":[109],"other":[111],"purposes.":[112],"In":[113,266],"this":[114,120],"article,":[115],"we":[116,198],"aim":[117],"fill":[119],"gap":[121],"propose":[123],"general":[127],"framework,":[129,197],"can":[131,163,275],"adapted":[133,200],"from":[139],"aspects.":[141],"Specifically,":[142,242],"it":[143,201,221,236],"incorporates":[144],"a":[145,152],"novel":[146],"transformation":[148],"technique":[149],"transforms":[151],"classification":[153],"into":[155],"isomorphic":[157],"regression":[158],"fine-tuning,":[161],"effectively":[164,276],"overcome":[165],"problem":[167],"incomplete":[169],"data":[171],"by":[172,219,264],"forcing":[173],"strengthen":[177],"memory":[179],"crucial":[181],"input":[182],"features":[183],"thus":[185],"eventually.":[190],"evaluate":[192],"our":[196,230,249,272],"two":[203],"emerging":[204],"tasks":[205],"models,":[209],"i.e.,":[210],"improvement,":[214,248,271],"conducted":[216],"extensive":[217],"studies":[218],"comparing":[220],"with":[222],"state-of-the-art":[223],"approaches.":[224],"The":[225],"experimental":[226],"results":[227,256],"demonstrate":[228],"framework":[231],"indeed":[233],"general,":[234],"both":[240],"tasks.":[241],"task":[245,268],"approach":[250,273],"Dare":[251],"achieved":[253,263],"best":[255],"on":[257],"61.1%":[258],"cases":[259,262],"(vs.":[260],"11.1%":[261],"baselines).":[265],"FMT":[274],"without":[280],"sacrificing":[281],"accuracy":[283],"models.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
