{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396686514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","title":"BFQ, Multiqueue-Deadline, or Kyber? Performance Characterization of Linux Storage Schedulers in the NVMe Era","display_name":"BFQ, Multiqueue-Deadline, or Kyber? Performance Characterization of Linux Storage Schedulers in the NVMe Era","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396686514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3629526.3645053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3629526.3645053","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3629526.3645053","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037945597","display_name":"Zebin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1466-0002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zebin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1466-0002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085081429","display_name":"Krijn Doekemeijer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7530-4438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krijn Doekemeijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7530-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087583764","display_name":"Nick Tehrany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-8859"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Tehrany","raw_affiliation_strings":["BlueOne Business Software LLC & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Beverly Hills, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-8859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BlueOne Business Software LLC & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Beverly Hills, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002623098","display_name":"Animesh Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Animesh Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-7168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037945597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90299609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.8437008857727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7771623134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5740123391151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.5722223520278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.520167350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4352077543735504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pci-express","display_name":"PCI Express","score":0.4320172965526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3809022307395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.14678141474723816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.8437008857727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7771623134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5740123391151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.5722223520278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.520167350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4352077543735504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64270927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206924","display_name":"PCI Express","level":3,"score":0.4320172965526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3809022307395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.14678141474723816}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3629526.3645053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3629526.3645053","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/d22a87b8-15e9-478e-8ac3-f99a673e7803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/d22a87b8-15e9-478e-8ac3-f99a673e7803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ren, Z, Doekemeijer, K, Tehrany, N & Trivedi, A 2024, BFQ, Multiqueue-Deadline, or Kyber? Performance Characterization of Linux Storage Schedulers in the NVMe Era. in ICPE 2024 : Proceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 154-165, 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2024, London, United Kingdom, 7/05/24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire/d22a87b8-15e9-478e-8ac3-f99a673e7803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/d22a87b8-15e9-478e-8ac3-f99a673e7803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ren, Z, Doekemeijer, K, Tehrany, N & Trivedi, A 2024, BFQ, Multiqueue-Deadline, or Kyber? Performance Characterization of Linux Storage Schedulers in the NVMe Era. in ICPE 2024 : Proceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 154-165, 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2024, London, United Kingdom, 7/05/24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3629526.3645053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3629526.3645053","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3629526.3645053","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6226168429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OCENW.KLEIN.561","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396686514.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982063824","https://openalex.org/W2058819785","https://openalex.org/W2073440460","https://openalex.org/W2075476552","https://openalex.org/W2092043672","https://openalex.org/W2124827397","https://openalex.org/W2335806889","https://openalex.org/W2491241320","https://openalex.org/W2587609242","https://openalex.org/W2604759068","https://openalex.org/W2725252951","https://openalex.org/W3002906487","https://openalex.org/W3015040392","https://openalex.org/W3034079355","https://openalex.org/W4281926585","https://openalex.org/W4282970385","https://openalex.org/W4283363804","https://openalex.org/W4312938222","https://openalex.org/W4368408236","https://openalex.org/W4383749405","https://openalex.org/W4383816023","https://openalex.org/W4388855645","https://openalex.org/W4392198356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385894176","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2347371119","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2612768808","https://openalex.org/W3131402800","https://openalex.org/W2915358162","https://openalex.org/W2011430815","https://openalex.org/W4321606653","https://openalex.org/W2768883093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flash":[0],"SSDs":[1,81,104],"have":[2],"become":[3],"the":[4,22,42,92,125,129,165,173],"de-facto":[5],"choice":[6],"to":[7,12,29,53],"deliver":[8,154],"high":[9],"I/O":[10,38,108,139],"performance":[11,56,123,144],"modern":[13],"data-intensive":[14],"workloads.":[15,170],"These":[16],"workloads":[17],"are":[18],"often":[19],"deployed":[20],"in":[21,41,164],"cloud,":[23],"where":[24],"multiple":[25,168],"tenants":[26],"share":[27],"access":[28],"flash-based":[30],"SSDs.":[31],"Cloud":[32],"providers":[33],"use":[34],"various":[35],"techniques,":[36],"including":[37],"schedulers":[39,77,101,140,163],"available":[40],"Linux":[43,99,130,138],"kernel,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"\\textitBFQ,":[47],"Multiqueue-Deadline":[48],"~(\\mqddl":[49],"),":[50],"and":[51,95,114,151,175],"\\kyber,":[52],"ensure":[54],"certain":[55],"qualities":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"service-level":[59],"agreements,":[60],"SLAs).":[61],"Though":[62],"designed":[63],"for":[64,78],"fast":[65],"NVMe":[66,103,135,147],"SSDs,":[67],"there":[68],"has":[69],"not":[70],"been":[71],"a":[72],"systematic":[73],"study":[74],"of":[75,98,107,167,177],"these":[76],"modern,":[79],"high-performance":[80,134],"with":[82,105,128,133,146],"their":[83],"unique":[84],"challenges.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87,178],"paper.":[88],"we":[89],"systematically":[90],"characterize":[91],"performance,":[93],"overheads,":[94],"scalability":[96],"properties":[97],"storage":[100,131],"on":[102],"millions":[106],"operations/s.":[109],"We":[110,171],"report":[111],"23":[112],"observations":[113],"5":[115],"key":[116],"findings":[117],"that":[118,120],"indicate":[119],"(i)":[121],"CPU":[122],"is":[124],"primary":[126],"bottleneck":[127],"stack":[132],"SSDs;":[136,148],"(ii)":[137],"can":[141,153],"introduce":[142],"63.4%":[143],"overheads":[145],"(iii)":[149],"\\kyber":[150],"q":[152],"99.3%":[155],"lower":[156],"P99":[157],"latency":[158],"than":[159],"\\none":[160],"or":[161],"\\mqddl":[162],"presence":[166],"interfering":[169],"open-source":[172],"scripts":[174],"datasets":[176],"work":[179],"at:":[180],"https://zenodo.org/records/10599514.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}