{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389374154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628797.3628945","title":"Contextual Language Model and Transfer Learning for Reentrancy Vulnerability Detection in Smart Contracts","display_name":"Contextual Language Model and Transfer Learning for Reentrancy Vulnerability Detection in Smart Contracts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389374154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628797.3628945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3628797.3628945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628797.3628945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027959072","display_name":"B. Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3386-0057"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B\u1eb1ng L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092257721","display_name":"Th\u1eafng L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7326-1993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Th\u1eafng L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062016746","display_name":"Doan Minh Trung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-5214"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung \u0110o\u00e0n Minh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044597589","display_name":"Tuan-Dung Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-7072"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u0169ng Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009023958","display_name":"Phan The Duy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-3712"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duy Phan Th\u1ebf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045030863","display_name":"Van-Hau Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-3356"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u1eadu Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Viet Nam","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027959072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92324007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"739","last_page":"745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9139000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7755504846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7356898784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6849657893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.6085243225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5753997564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.572594404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5334874391555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49994802474975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4856656789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47203055024147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.46720048785209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.11525747179985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.08427435159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.07785841822624207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7755504846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7356898784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6849657893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6085243225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5753997564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.572594404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5334874391555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49994802474975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4856656789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47203055024147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.46720048785209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.11525747179985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.08427435159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07785841822624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3628797.3628945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628797.3628945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2982275082","https://openalex.org/W3005065812","https://openalex.org/W3013972692","https://openalex.org/W3098149161","https://openalex.org/W3112533106","https://openalex.org/W3180630398","https://openalex.org/W4211181447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,107],"smart":[3,57,84,112],"contracts":[4],"on":[5,61],"blockchain":[6],"technology":[7,110],"has":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10],"several":[11],"security":[12,54],"vulnerabilities,":[13],"causing":[14],"significant":[15],"financial":[16],"losses":[17],"and":[18,67],"instability":[19],"in":[20,56,82,111,122],"the":[21,104],"contract":[22,85,113],"layer.":[23],"Existing":[24],"machine":[25],"learning-based":[26,46,96,109],"static":[27],"analysis":[28],"tools":[29],"have":[30],"limited":[31],"detection":[32,80],"accuracy,":[33],"even":[34],"for":[35,52],"known":[36],"vulnerabilities.":[37],"In":[38,98],"this":[39,100,123],"study,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"a":[43,78],"novel":[44],"deep":[45,95,108],"model":[47],"combined":[48],"with":[49],"attention":[50],"mechanisms":[51],"identifying":[53,83],"vulnerabilities":[55],"contracts.":[58],"Our":[59],"experiments":[60],"two":[62],"large":[63],"datasets":[64],"(SmartBugs":[65],"Wild":[66],"Slither":[68],"Audited":[69],"Smart":[70],"Contracts)":[71],"demonstrate":[72],"that":[73],"our":[74],"approach":[75],"successfully":[76],"achieves":[77],"90%":[79],"accuracy":[81],"reentrancy":[86,114],"attacks":[87],"(e.g.":[88],"performing":[89],"better":[90],"than":[91],"other":[92],"existing":[93],"state-of-the-art":[94],"approaches).":[97],"addition,":[99],"work":[101],"also":[102],"establishes":[103],"practical":[105],"application":[106],"vulnerability":[115],"detection,":[116],"which":[117],"can":[118],"promote":[119],"future":[120],"research":[121],"domain.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
