{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399668427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","title":"The Effect of a Social Robot on Children's Pain and Anxiety During Blood Draw","display_name":"The Effect of a Social Robot on Children's Pain and Anxiety During Blood Draw","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399668427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3628516.3659393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026160149","display_name":"Mirjam de Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-8103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirjam De Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for ICT, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-8103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for ICT, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068222908","display_name":"Koen Smit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-7941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Smit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for ICT, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-7941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for ICT, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113251692","display_name":"Daniel Fernando Preciado Vanegas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Fernando Preciado Vanegas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-1012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071585722","display_name":"Esther M. van der Roest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-1981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Van Der Roest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-1981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040782869","display_name":"Matthijs Smakman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-0269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthijs Smakman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for ICT, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-0269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for ICT, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060873528","display_name":"Wouter M. Tiel Groenestege","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-7361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Tiel Groenestege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-7361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90025292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"776","last_page":"780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.592969536781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.589216947555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.42118653655052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40861019492149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3723812699317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22244223952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.22187530994415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.1938660740852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.1482887864112854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.592969536781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.589216947555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.42118653655052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40861019492149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3723812699317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22244223952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.22187530994415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.1938660740852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.1482887864112854}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3628516.3659393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"De Haas, M, Smit, K, Vanegas, D F P, Van Der Roest, E, Smakman, M & Groenestege, W T 2024, The effect of a social robot on children's pain and anxiety during blood draw. in IDC '24 : Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference. Proceedings of ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 776-780, 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, IDC 2024, Delft, Netherlands, 17/06/24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/454674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/454674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"De Haas, M, Smit, K, Vanegas, D F P, Van Der Roest, E, Smakman, M & Groenestege, W T 2024, The effect of a social robot on children's pain and anxiety during blood draw. in IDC '24 : Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference. Proceedings of ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 776-780, 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, IDC 2024, Delft, Netherlands, 17/06/24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/3b9eaf18-cf3b-4710-9ace-36cc15049297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"De Haas, M, Smit, K, Vanegas, D F P, Van Der Roest, E, Smakman, M & Groenestege, W T 2024, The effect of a social robot on children's pain and anxiety during blood draw. in IDC '24 : Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference. Proceedings of ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 776-780, 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, IDC 2024, Delft, Netherlands, 17/06/24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3659393","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1863983288","https://openalex.org/W1987708381","https://openalex.org/W2058463346","https://openalex.org/W2061940137","https://openalex.org/W2071065098","https://openalex.org/W2089302649","https://openalex.org/W2114772172","https://openalex.org/W2130880424","https://openalex.org/W2135347117","https://openalex.org/W2149174813","https://openalex.org/W2511257848","https://openalex.org/W2597138071","https://openalex.org/W2770472177","https://openalex.org/W2886039652","https://openalex.org/W2913953952","https://openalex.org/W2995287721","https://openalex.org/W3040568028","https://openalex.org/W3081680676","https://openalex.org/W4240784438","https://openalex.org/W4244405190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2133150803","https://openalex.org/W2082173922","https://openalex.org/W2933829981","https://openalex.org/W2063471269","https://openalex.org/W2742736081","https://openalex.org/W4389264240","https://openalex.org/W2085401368","https://openalex.org/W2593469586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Healthcare":[0],"practitioners":[1],"often":[2],"use":[3],"distraction":[4],"techniques":[5],"to":[6,45,100],"ease":[7],"children\u2019s":[8,47,102],"anxiety":[9,27,103],"during":[10,34],"blood":[11,35],"draws.":[12,36],"This":[13,92],"study":[14],"explored":[15],"the":[16,46,52,70,76,79,95],"effectiveness":[17],"of":[18,97],"a":[19,83],"social":[20,98],"robot,":[21],"Softbank":[22],"Robotics":[23],"NAO,":[24],"in":[25,104,110],"reducing":[26],"and":[28,73],"pain":[29,58],"for":[30],"children":[31,41],"aged":[32],"4-12":[33],"The":[37],"robot":[38,53,80],"engaged":[39],"with":[40,89],"using":[42],"behaviors":[43],"tailored":[44],"age.":[48],"Interestingly,":[49],"results":[50],"indicated":[51],"significantly":[54],"increased":[55],"anxiety,":[56,87],"but":[57],"levels":[59],"remained":[60],"unchanged.":[61],"We":[62],"argue":[63],"that":[64],"this":[65],"effect":[66],"may":[67],"result":[68],"from":[69],"robot\u2019s":[71],"novelty":[72],"that,":[74],"over":[75],"long":[77],"term,":[78],"could":[81],"have":[82],"positive":[84],"impact":[85],"on":[86],"consistent":[88],"other":[90],"studies.":[91],"research":[93],"underscores":[94],"potential":[96],"robots":[99],"alleviate":[101],"medical":[105],"procedures,":[106],"enhancing":[107],"patient":[108],"experience":[109],"pediatric":[111],"healthcare.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}