{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403582591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665","title":"Empowering Private Tutoring by Chaining Large Language Models","display_name":"Empowering Private Tutoring by Chaining Large Language Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403582591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3627673.3679665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602504","display_name":"Yulin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1158-4685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1158-4685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660086","display_name":"Ning Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022672030","display_name":"Hai-Tao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Tao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua Universiy & Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-5649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua Universiy & Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320723","display_name":"Zhiyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-2543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DCST, BNRIST, CollegeAI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-2543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DCST, BNRIST, CollegeAI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046448314","display_name":"Maosong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-6115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maosong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-6115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107808331","display_name":"Bowen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-9526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-9526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"354","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13844","display_name":"Higher Education Learning Practices","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.756747305393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"Chaining","score":0.6576521992683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-chaining","display_name":"Backward chaining","score":0.5023198127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4976508915424347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3717941641807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.35443243384361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3109217584133148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.07601627707481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07276663184165955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756747305393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.6576521992683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129916263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141183","display_name":"Backward chaining","level":4,"score":0.5023198127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4976508915424347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3717941641807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.35443243384361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3109217584133148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.07601627707481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07276663184165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3627673.3679665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3627673.3679665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532161419","https://openalex.org/W1540372287","https://openalex.org/W1648860495","https://openalex.org/W1974219072","https://openalex.org/W1981241052","https://openalex.org/W2015289523","https://openalex.org/W2043092514","https://openalex.org/W2048594600","https://openalex.org/W2055792520","https://openalex.org/W2061961010","https://openalex.org/W2085635703","https://openalex.org/W2112991727","https://openalex.org/W2117076205","https://openalex.org/W2123159101","https://openalex.org/W2128715468","https://openalex.org/W2320732612","https://openalex.org/W2341941284","https://openalex.org/W2405555311","https://openalex.org/W2461804984","https://openalex.org/W2560862806","https://openalex.org/W2601513958","https://openalex.org/W3013527531","https://openalex.org/W4224912036","https://openalex.org/W4226278401","https://openalex.org/W4285183888","https://openalex.org/W4385564993","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W4400996752","https://openalex.org/W4404594861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132414486","https://openalex.org/W2044830634","https://openalex.org/W2114383597","https://openalex.org/W2472912427","https://openalex.org/W2767696758","https://openalex.org/W4238340239","https://openalex.org/W2184441786","https://openalex.org/W2886511220","https://openalex.org/W2001235946","https://openalex.org/W2129428592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3,20],"applied":[4],"in":[5,153],"various":[6],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,35,101,108,120],"online":[9,166],"education":[10],"to":[11,148,175],"facilitate":[12],"teaching":[13],"and":[14,61,65,69,81,105,112,126,138,143,150,169],"learning.":[15],"However,":[16],"few":[17],"approaches":[18],"have":[19],"made":[21],"towards":[22],"a":[23,36,117],"complete":[24],"AI-powered":[25],"tutoring":[26,39],"system.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"work,":[30],"we":[31,115,157],"explore":[32],"the":[33,99,106,132,160,171],"development":[34],"full-fledged":[37],"intelligent":[38],"system":[40,49,136,161],"based":[41,122],"on":[42,123],"large":[43],"language":[44],"models":[45],"(LLMs).":[46],"The":[47,129],"proposed":[48],"ChatTutor,":[50],"powered":[51],"by":[52,87],"state-of-the-art":[53],"LLMs,":[54],"is":[55,72,85],"equipped":[56],"with":[57,92,146,162],"automatic":[58],"course":[59],"planning":[60],"adjusting,":[62],"informative":[63],"instruction,":[64],"adaptive":[66,113],"quiz":[67],"offering":[68],"evaluation.":[70],"ChatTutor":[71],"decomposed":[73],"into":[74],"three":[75],"inter-connected":[76],"core":[77],"processes:":[78],"interaction,":[79],"reflection,":[80,114],"reaction.":[82],"Each":[83],"process":[84],"implemented":[86],"chaining":[88],"LLM-powered":[89],"tools":[90],"along":[91],"dynamically":[93],"updated":[94],"memory":[95,110],"modules.":[96],"To":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"mechanism":[100],"each":[102],"working":[103],"module":[104],"benefits":[107],"structured":[109],"control":[111],"conduct":[116],"wide":[118],"range":[119],"analysis":[121,130],"statistical":[124],"results":[125],"user":[127],"study.":[128],"shows":[131],"designed":[133],"processes":[134],"boost":[135],"consistency":[137],"stability":[139],"under":[140],"long-term":[141],"interaction":[142],"intentional":[144],"disruptions,":[145],"up":[147],"5%":[149],"20%":[151],"increase":[152],"performance":[154],"respectively.":[155],"Meanwhile,":[156],"also":[158],"compare":[159],"scripts":[163],"from":[164],"real-world":[165],"learning":[167],"platform":[168],"discuss":[170],"potential":[172],"issues":[173],"unique":[174],"LLM-based":[176],"systems.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}