{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389279137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627106.3627107","title":"DeepContract: Controllable Authorization of Deep Learning Models","display_name":"DeepContract: Controllable Authorization of Deep Learning Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389279137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627106.3627107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3627106.3627107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627106.3627107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103141241","display_name":"Xirong Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xirong Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-8587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322320","display_name":"Lan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, China and Institute of Dataspace, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China and Institute of Dataspace, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101693971","display_name":"Chen Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-475X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-475X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013444021","display_name":"Huiqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-0779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-0779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008324271","display_name":"Bin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-7996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent YouTu Lab, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-7996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent YouTu Lab, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563635","display_name":"Yan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent YouTu Lab, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent YouTu Lab, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073750509","display_name":"Bo Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-7188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent YouTu Lab, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-7188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent YouTu Lab, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103141241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31340206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"609","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8257637023925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.6174202561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6138938665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6072658896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.5287505984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.48996463418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4408091604709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.29267802834510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28087520599365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13294851779937744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8257637023925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.6174202561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6138938665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6072658896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.5287505984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.48996463418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4408091604709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.29267802834510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28087520599365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13294851779937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3627106.3627107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627106.3627107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060791695","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294710185","https://openalex.org/W2579318729","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2765200655","https://openalex.org/W2798786426","https://openalex.org/W2806082141","https://openalex.org/W2899585792","https://openalex.org/W2914330473","https://openalex.org/W2935349488","https://openalex.org/W2946635188","https://openalex.org/W2963106566","https://openalex.org/W2969373235","https://openalex.org/W2979832172","https://openalex.org/W2981444684","https://openalex.org/W2987932087","https://openalex.org/W3081073185","https://openalex.org/W3090159047","https://openalex.org/W3093021001","https://openalex.org/W3104454153","https://openalex.org/W3212504472","https://openalex.org/W6685926396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2072918937","https://openalex.org/W2365629437","https://openalex.org/W2023935927","https://openalex.org/W2348330439","https://openalex.org/W2350372928","https://openalex.org/W2377292126","https://openalex.org/W2139109546","https://openalex.org/W3169941283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Well-trained":[0],"deep":[1],"learning":[2,36],"(DL)":[3],"models":[4,46,123,149],"are":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,52,167,176],"various":[9],"fields":[10],"and":[11,97,101,142,170,182,211],"recognized":[12],"as":[13],"valuable":[14],"intellectual":[15],"property.":[16],"However,":[17],"most":[18],"existing":[19],"efforts":[20],"to":[21,29,33,91,120,140,146],"fully":[22],"exploit":[23],"their":[24,122,148],"value":[25],"either":[26],"require":[27],"users":[28],"upload":[30],"input":[31,98],"data":[32,99],"provide":[34],"machine":[35],"services,":[37],"which":[38],"raises":[39],"serious":[40],"privacy":[41],"concerns,":[42],"or":[43,81],"deploy":[44,121],"DL":[45],"on":[47,124,198],"the":[48,58,68,76,88,125,144,164,173,177,194,199,217],"user":[49,126,200],"side,":[50],"resulting":[51],"a":[53,61,108,156],"loss":[54],"of":[55],"control":[56],"over":[57],"models.":[59],"While":[60],"few":[62],"active":[63],"model":[64,69,77,95,104,110,118,134,158,196,214],"authorization":[65,111,215],"methods":[66],"protect":[67,93],"from":[70,78],"unauthorized":[71],"users,":[72],"they":[73],"cannot":[74],"prevent":[75],"being":[79],"redistributed":[80],"abused":[82],"by":[83,187],"authorized":[84],"users.":[85],"To":[86],"address":[87],"urgent":[89],"need":[90],"efficiently":[92],"both":[94,168],"confidentiality":[96],"privacy,":[100],"achieve":[102,209],"uninterrupted":[103],"controllability,":[105],"we":[106,154],"propose":[107,155],"contract-based":[109,181],"framework":[112,116],"called":[113],"DeepContract.":[114],"This":[115],"enables":[117],"owners":[119],"side":[127],"for":[128,216],"local":[129],"inference":[130,192],"without":[131],"revealing":[132],"original":[133],"weights.":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"it":[137],"allows":[138],"them":[139],"grant":[141],"revoke":[143],"right":[145],"use":[147],"at":[150],"any":[151],"time.":[152],"Specifically,":[153],"generic":[157],"encryption":[159],"method":[160,166],"that":[161,206],"significantly":[162],"outperforms":[163],"state-of-the-art":[165],"efficiency":[169],"security.":[171],"Leveraging":[172],"integrity":[174],"verification":[175],"Trusted":[178],"Execution":[179],"Environment,":[180],"verifiable":[183],"enclave":[184],"codes":[185],"generated":[186],"DeepContract":[188,207],"can":[189,208],"perform":[190],"controlled":[191],"using":[193],"encrypted":[195],"distributed":[197],"side.":[201],"Our":[202],"extensive":[203],"evaluations":[204],"show":[205],"efficient":[210],"secure":[212],"controllable":[213],"pre-signed":[218],"contract.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
