{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392545257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630907","title":"Procrastination vs. Active Delay: How Students Prepare to Code in Introductory Programming","display_name":"Procrastination vs. Active Delay: How Students Prepare to Code in Introductory Programming","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392545257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3626252.3630907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630907","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3626252.3630907","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3626252.3630907","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035033051","display_name":"Elizabeth B. Cloude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-6768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth B. Cloude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357305","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922845939","display_name":"Philadelphia University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzmyz63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922845939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922845939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088695714","display_name":"Ryan S. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan S. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016965269","display_name":"Eric Fouh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-9112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Fouh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035033051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77108734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"214","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination","display_name":"Procrastination","score":0.8970138430595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.8045434951782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6754144430160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5686310529708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.5004866123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.43292713165283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.37513649463653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36851775646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2995530366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13219201564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.09237155318260193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194279344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330104","display_name":"Procrastination","level":2,"score":0.8970138430595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.8045434951782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754144430160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5686310529708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.5004866123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.43292713165283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.37513649463653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36851775646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2995530366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13219201564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09237155318260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3626252.3630907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630907","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3626252.3630907","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/211202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/211202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3626252.3630907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630907","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3626252.3630907","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G776785339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DUE-1946150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392545257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392545257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615644768","https://openalex.org/W1977781079","https://openalex.org/W1984831237","https://openalex.org/W2013852212","https://openalex.org/W2047173849","https://openalex.org/W2063322321","https://openalex.org/W2081704050","https://openalex.org/W2083309415","https://openalex.org/W2091367633","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2189383115","https://openalex.org/W2294028411","https://openalex.org/W2469737036","https://openalex.org/W2494899296","https://openalex.org/W2596360981","https://openalex.org/W2901490781","https://openalex.org/W2950821359","https://openalex.org/W3048016185","https://openalex.org/W3174267545","https://openalex.org/W3208316398","https://openalex.org/W4213447331","https://openalex.org/W4293227129","https://openalex.org/W4399583847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229721065","https://openalex.org/W2400934819","https://openalex.org/W2767867988","https://openalex.org/W4253654988","https://openalex.org/W3094617551","https://openalex.org/W3112845144","https://openalex.org/W2900985841","https://openalex.org/W4311308381","https://openalex.org/W3143076406","https://openalex.org/W4296671461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"students":[1,22,65,75,91],"procrastinate":[2],"on":[3,26],"programming":[4,48,85],"assignments,":[5],"it":[6,37],"can":[7,38],"hinder":[8],"the":[9,100,108],"quality":[10,109],"of":[11,110,152],"their":[12,17,111],"code":[13,31,78,95],"and":[14,103,130],"negatively":[15],"impact":[16],"grades.":[18],"In":[19],"contrast,":[20],"when":[21,67],"actively":[23],"delay":[24,53,121],"working":[25],"assignments":[27],"to":[28,30,47,77,94,107,119,124,155],"prepare":[29],"(e.g.,":[32],"reading":[33],"or":[34],"seeking":[35,97],"help),":[36],"be":[39],"an":[40,72],"effective":[41],"self-regulated":[42],"learning":[43],"(SRL)":[44],"strategy":[45],"beneficial":[46,106],"performance.":[49],"However,":[50],"distinguishing":[51],"active":[52,134],"from":[54],"procrastination":[55],"is":[56],"methodologically":[57],"challenging.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"this,":[61],"we":[62,147],"tracked":[63],"what":[64],"did":[66],"they":[68],"behaviorally":[69],"delayed":[70,92],"starting":[71,93,123],"assignment.":[73],"Most":[74],"prepared":[76],"by":[79,96],"using":[80],"multiple":[81],"course":[82],"resources":[83],"across":[84],"assignments.":[86],"We":[87],"found":[88],"that":[89],"many":[90],"help":[98],"in":[99,122,157],"Q&A":[101],"platform,":[102],"this":[104],"was":[105],"code.":[112],"Also,":[113],"some":[114],"pre-coding":[115,139,145],"activities":[116,140],"were":[117,141],"related":[118],"behavioral":[120],"code,":[125],"but":[126,136],"benefitted":[127],"students'":[128,153],"grades,":[129],"thus":[131],"may":[132],"indicate":[133],"delay,":[135],"not":[137],"all":[138],"beneficial.":[142],"By":[143],"considering":[144],"activities,":[146],"gain":[148],"a":[149],"comprehensive":[150],"view":[151],"approach":[154],"coding":[156],"CS":[158],"education.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}