{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398134031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626205.3659153","title":"X2065: Lightweight Key Exchange for the Internet of Things","display_name":"X2065: Lightweight Key Exchange for the Internet of Things","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398134031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626205.3659153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3626205.3659153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626205.3659153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085923495","display_name":"Georgios Fotiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-3817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Fotiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-3817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089125756","display_name":"Johann Gro\u00dfsch\u00e4dl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3210-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Gro\u00dfsch\u00e4dl","raw_affiliation_strings":["DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3210-3102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006427033","display_name":"Peter Y. A. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Y.A. Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-9034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DCS, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90691845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7407829761505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6334089040756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5540463924407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5208752155303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40652740001678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3323514759540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.33189135789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.30660349130630493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7407829761505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6334089040756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5540463924407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5208752155303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40652740001678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3323514759540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.33189135789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30660349130630493}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3626205.3659153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626205.3659153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18112494","https://openalex.org/W1539740938","https://openalex.org/W1580311733","https://openalex.org/W1807538575","https://openalex.org/W1870556762","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1910751411","https://openalex.org/W1956827585","https://openalex.org/W1971605365","https://openalex.org/W1998924745","https://openalex.org/W2026319854","https://openalex.org/W2037107113","https://openalex.org/W2114202366","https://openalex.org/W2134258244","https://openalex.org/W2332531239","https://openalex.org/W2473765657","https://openalex.org/W2495379069","https://openalex.org/W2559860798","https://openalex.org/W2732515859","https://openalex.org/W2923370633","https://openalex.org/W2965836381","https://openalex.org/W3009851748","https://openalex.org/W3038997556","https://openalex.org/W3046142497","https://openalex.org/W3196674952","https://openalex.org/W4205581593","https://openalex.org/W4312225702","https://openalex.org/W6639053789","https://openalex.org/W6680861166","https://openalex.org/W6696286977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158],"Internet":[1,69],"is":[2,104,129,167,186,194],"rapidly":[3],"transitioning":[4],"from":[5],"a":[6,16,51,80,119,152,174,214,234,255],"network":[7,17],"of":[8,29,36,56,66,70,155,206,226],"personal":[9],"computers,":[10],"laptops":[11],"and":[12,39,64,150],"mobile":[13],"phones":[14],"to":[15,59,169,178],"that":[18,122,165,233],"will":[19],"soon":[20],"connect":[21],"32":[22],"billion":[23],"smart":[24],"devices":[25,93],"(or":[26],"\"things\"),":[27],"many":[28],"which":[30],"are":[31],"extremely":[32],"constrained":[33],"in":[34,84,272],"terms":[35],"computational":[37],"resources":[38],"energy":[40],"supply":[41],"(e.g.,":[42],"battery-powered":[43],"wireless":[44],"sensor":[45],"nodes).":[46],"This":[47],"evolution":[48],"has":[49],"created":[50],"demand":[52],"for":[53,87,208,221],"lightweight":[54],"implementations":[55],"cryptographic":[57],"primitives":[58],"meet":[60],"the":[61,67,74,107,132,189,222,239],"specific":[62],"requirements":[63],"resource-constraints":[65],"so-called":[68],"Things":[71],"(IoT).":[72],"In":[73],"present":[75],"paper":[76],"we":[77],"introduce":[78],"Curve2065,":[79],"new":[81],"elliptic":[82],"curve":[83,159,172,268],"Montgomery":[85,190,240],"form":[86],"x-coordinate-only":[88],"ECDH":[89,209],"key":[90,210],"exchange":[91,211],"between":[92],"equipped":[94],"with":[95,173,259],"an":[96,170,204,251,264],"8/16/32-bit":[97],"microcontroller.":[98],"As":[99],"its":[100],"name":[101],"indicates,":[102],"Curve2065":[103,128,193,207,243],"based":[105,212],"on":[106,192,199,213,242,250,263],"206-bit":[108],"prime":[109,121],"field":[110],"Fp":[111,218],"given":[112],"by":[113,131],"p":[114],"=":[115,138,146],"2206":[116],"-":[117],"5,":[118],"pseudo-Mersenne":[120],"enables":[123],"fast":[124,180],"modular":[125],"arithmetic.":[126],"Concretely,":[127],"defined":[130],"equation":[133],"EA:":[134],"(A":[135],"+":[136,140,142,148],"2)y2":[137],"x3":[139],"Ax2":[141],"x":[143],"where":[144],"A":[145,161,185],"-(4/91681":[147],"2)":[149],"offers":[151],"security":[153],"level":[154],"102":[156],"bits.":[157],"parameter":[160,176],"was":[162],"chosen":[163],"so":[164],"EA":[166],"birationally-equivalent":[168],"Edwards":[171,267],"small":[175],"d":[177],"enable":[179],"key-pair":[181],"generation.":[182],"Even":[183],"though":[184],"not":[187],"small,":[188],"ladder":[191,241],"exactly":[195],"as":[196,198],"efficient":[197],"Bernstein's":[200],"Curve25519.":[201],"We":[202],"describe":[203],"implementation":[205],"\"lightweight\"":[215],"(i.e.,":[216],"size-optimized)":[217],"-arithmetic":[219],"library":[220],"TI":[223],"MSP430(X)":[224],"family":[225],"16-bit":[227],"microcontrollers.":[228],"Our":[229],"simulation":[230],"results":[231],"show":[232],"variable-base":[235],"scalar":[236,257],"multiplication":[237,258],"using":[238],"takes":[244],"7.22":[245],"\u00b7":[246,275],"106":[247,276],"clock":[248],"cycles":[249],"MSP430F1611":[252],"target,":[253],"while":[254],"fixed-base":[256],"eight":[260],"precomputed":[261],"points":[262],"isogenous":[265],"twisted":[266],"can":[269],"be":[270],"executed":[271],"only":[273],"2.96":[274],"cycles.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}