{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387993744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623652.3623665","title":"DINAR: Enabling Distribution Agnostic Noise Injection in Machine Learning Hardware","display_name":"DINAR: Enabling Distribution Agnostic Noise Injection in Machine Learning Hardware","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387993744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623652.3623665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3623652.3623665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623652.3623665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013138528","display_name":"Karthik Ganesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Ganesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052452654","display_name":"Viktor Karyofyllis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1892-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Karyofyllis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093135965","display_name":"Julianne Attai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9998-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julianne Attai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093135966","display_name":"Ahmed Hamoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8605-1393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hamoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060103552","display_name":"Natalie Enright Jerger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-2080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Enright Jerger","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013138528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57058219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6924458146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5747323036193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5391519069671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.5305863618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3373258709907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2602282762527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09913259744644165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6924458146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5747323036193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5391519069671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5305863618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3373258709907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2602282762527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09913259744644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3623652.3623665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623652.3623665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965612527","https://openalex.org/W2042946599","https://openalex.org/W2045431893","https://openalex.org/W2048798966","https://openalex.org/W2097774686","https://openalex.org/W2130956968","https://openalex.org/W2162074762","https://openalex.org/W2290773042","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2777449390","https://openalex.org/W2789864115","https://openalex.org/W2790925711","https://openalex.org/W2809523935","https://openalex.org/W2884661045","https://openalex.org/W2884738118","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2944442501","https://openalex.org/W2946363484","https://openalex.org/W2963126806","https://openalex.org/W2963485691","https://openalex.org/W2963952467","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W3011434423","https://openalex.org/W3024621361","https://openalex.org/W3034802054","https://openalex.org/W3048592926","https://openalex.org/W3104224589","https://openalex.org/W3153022867","https://openalex.org/W3183458034","https://openalex.org/W3185600290","https://openalex.org/W3191007950","https://openalex.org/W3201628041","https://openalex.org/W3207000034","https://openalex.org/W4200102037","https://openalex.org/W4288057781","https://openalex.org/W4289146347","https://openalex.org/W4293254947","https://openalex.org/W4293580221","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4308083850","https://openalex.org/W4315488958","https://openalex.org/W4318541558","https://openalex.org/W4378191804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2572355887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"has":[3],"seen":[4],"a":[5,25],"major":[6],"rise":[7],"in":[8,13,24],"popularity":[9],"on":[10,28],"edge":[11],"devices":[12,19],"recent":[14],"years,":[15],"ranging":[16],"from":[17,44,93],"IoT":[18],"to":[20,57,64,116],"self-driving":[21],"cars.":[22],"Security":[23],"critical":[26],"consideration":[27],"these":[29],"platforms.":[30],"State-of-the-art":[31],"security-centric":[32],"ML":[33],"algorithms":[34],"(e.g.,":[35],"differentially":[36,97],"private":[37,98],"ML,":[38,99],"adversarial":[39],"robustness)":[40],"require":[41],"noise":[42,66,91,102,118],"sampled":[43],"Laplace":[45],"or":[46],"Gaussian":[47],"distributions.":[48,95],"Edge":[49],"accelerators":[50],"lack":[51],"CPUs":[52],"[15,":[53],"25,":[54],"36,":[55],"50]":[56],"add":[58],"such":[59],"noise.":[60],"Existing":[61],"hardware":[62,88],"approaches":[63],"generate":[65],"on-the-fly":[67],"incur":[68],"high":[69],"overheads":[70],"and":[71,110],"leak":[72],"side-channel":[73],"information":[74],"that":[75,89],"can":[76],"undermine":[77],"security":[78],"[34,":[79],"47].":[80],"To":[81],"remedy":[82],"this,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"DINAR,1":[86],"lightweight":[87],"enables":[90,101],"addition":[92,103],"arbitrary":[94],"For":[96],"DINAR":[100],"while":[104],"incurring":[105],"23":[106],"\u00d7":[107,112],"lower":[108,113],"area":[109],"40":[111],"energy":[114],"compared":[115],"producing":[117],"directly":[119],"on-chip.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}