{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387667119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622850","title":"Quantifying and Mitigating Cache Side Channel Leakage with Differential Set","display_name":"Quantifying and Mitigating Cache Side Channel Leakage with Differential Set","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387667119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3622850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622850","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3622850","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3622850","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102731403","display_name":"Cong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0842-4697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0842-4697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008435786","display_name":"Dinghao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-5511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinghao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-5511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010830558","display_name":"Gang Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007116603","display_name":"Mahmut Kandemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-9951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmut Taylan Kandemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-9951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722775","display_name":"Danfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, USA / Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, USA / Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102731403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3321,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66018921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"OOPSLA2","first_page":"1470","last_page":"1498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.8588849902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8465918302536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7518823742866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-invalidation","display_name":"Cache invalidation","score":0.5051100850105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.4737815856933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cache","display_name":"Smart Cache","score":0.42347222566604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.42187532782554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.41317397356033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.3759203553199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.37550562620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3262890577316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27048230171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.25934064388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16728466749191284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.8588849902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8465918302536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7518823742866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25536678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015977","display_name":"Cache invalidation","level":5,"score":0.5051100850105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.4737815856933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167713795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"Smart Cache","level":5,"score":0.42347222566604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.42187532782554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.41317397356033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.3759203553199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.37550562620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3262890577316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27048230171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.25934064388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16728466749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3622850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622850","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3622850","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3622850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622850","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3622850","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2500024753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1956032,CNS-1942851,CNS-2207197,CNS-1652790,CNS-1801534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3665552662","display_name":"CAREER: Building Secure Applications with Non-Static Information Flow Policies","funder_award_id":"1942851","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445530159","display_name":"CAREER: Advanced Trace-Oriented Binary Code Analysis","funder_award_id":"1652790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7472533776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1652790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7890278530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1956032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387667119.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387667119.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1488058190","https://openalex.org/W1531820677","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W1965209910","https://openalex.org/W1992291252","https://openalex.org/W1997546092","https://openalex.org/W2037322308","https://openalex.org/W2040210405","https://openalex.org/W2094258292","https://openalex.org/W2097151854","https://openalex.org/W2103289002","https://openalex.org/W2109235078","https://openalex.org/W2111552846","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2124251840","https://openalex.org/W2128255161","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2131202839","https://openalex.org/W2172060328","https://openalex.org/W2294921903","https://openalex.org/W2515614845","https://openalex.org/W2586555532","https://openalex.org/W2594560662","https://openalex.org/W2606774910","https://openalex.org/W2626217303","https://openalex.org/W2735733036","https://openalex.org/W2758227629","https://openalex.org/W2766853874","https://openalex.org/W2769061097","https://openalex.org/W2796933658","https://openalex.org/W2925685215","https://openalex.org/W2955155286","https://openalex.org/W3016059855","https://openalex.org/W3034103899","https://openalex.org/W3043665946","https://openalex.org/W3101072679","https://openalex.org/W3155543450","https://openalex.org/W3160391836","https://openalex.org/W3166104887","https://openalex.org/W3206865846","https://openalex.org/W6950565358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363769136","https://openalex.org/W2114386333","https://openalex.org/W2133489088","https://openalex.org/W2734782074","https://openalex.org/W2031173804","https://openalex.org/W3085471909","https://openalex.org/W2098406302","https://openalex.org/W2148571123","https://openalex.org/W2369103246","https://openalex.org/W2115222420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cache":[0],"side-channel":[1],"attacks":[2],"leverage":[3],"secret-dependent":[4],"footprints":[5],"in":[6,61],"CPU":[7],"cache":[8,28,41,86,107,144,189],"to":[9,18,58,70],"steal":[10],"confidential":[11],"information,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,170,172],"encryption":[15],"keys.":[16],"Due":[17],"the":[19,113,149],"lack":[20],"of":[21,50,95,157],"a":[22,53,78,134,155],"proper":[23],"abstraction":[24,115],"for":[25,84,120],"reasoning":[26,105],"about":[27,106],"side":[29,42,87,108,122,145,190],"channels,":[30],"existing":[31,67],"static":[32,135],"program":[33],"analysis":[34,136],"tools":[35,183],"that":[36,99,116,139,162,184],"can":[37,164],"quantify":[38,186],"or":[39,187],"mitigate":[40,188],"channels":[43,88],"are":[44],"built":[45],"on":[46,128,154],"very":[47],"different":[48],"kinds":[49],"abstractions.":[51],"As":[52],"consequence,":[54],"it":[55,100,111],"is":[56,98,112],"hard":[57],"bridge":[59],"advances":[60],"quantification":[62,124],"and":[63,103,125,142],"mitigation":[64],"research.":[65],"Moreover,":[66,110],"abstractions":[68],"lead":[69],"imprecise":[71],"results.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,129],"paper,":[75],"we":[76,132],"present":[77],"novel":[79],"abstraction,":[80,131],"called":[81],"differential":[82,96],"set,":[83],"analyzing":[85],"at":[89,148],"compile":[90],"time.":[91,151],"A":[92],"distinguishing":[93],"feature":[94],"sets":[97],"allows":[101],"compositional":[102],"precise":[104,167],"channels.":[109],"first":[114],"carries":[117],"sufficient":[118],"information":[119],"both":[121],"channel":[123,146,191],"mitigation.":[126],"Based":[127],"new":[130],"develop":[133],"tool":[137],"DSA":[138,163],"automatically":[140],"quantifies":[141],"mitigates":[143],"leakage":[147,168],"same":[150],"Experimental":[152],"evaluation":[153],"set":[156],"commonly":[158],"used":[159],"benchmarks":[160],"shows":[161],"produce":[165],"more":[166],"bound":[169],"well":[171],"mitigated":[173],"code":[174],"with":[175,181],"fewer":[176],"memory":[177],"footprints,":[178],"when":[179],"compared":[180],"state-of-the-art":[182],"only":[185],"leakage.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
