{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386422526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622788","title":"VirtualLoc: Large-scale Visual Localization Using Virtual Images","display_name":"VirtualLoc: Large-scale Visual Localization Using Virtual Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386422526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3622788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026163124","display_name":"Yuan Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-4998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-4998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100723967","display_name":"Jingru Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-8765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingru Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-8765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102905671","display_name":"Zhong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-7517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738276","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0009eea46","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738276","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-7517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, P.R. China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4392738276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96012284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8200584650039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7690460085868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7188268899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6114898324012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5218074321746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5130785703659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5129268169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.5070574283599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4691661298274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.44449812173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37876513600349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07827743887901306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8200584650039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7690460085868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7188268899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6114898324012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5218074321746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5130785703659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5129268169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.5070574283599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4691661298274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.44449812173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37876513600349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07827743887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3622788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3622788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5099911738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921093919","https://openalex.org/W2073761981","https://openalex.org/W2109484429","https://openalex.org/W2127061207","https://openalex.org/W2150917427","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2200124539","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2495591376","https://openalex.org/W2522940611","https://openalex.org/W2544587078","https://openalex.org/W2558027072","https://openalex.org/W2728498859","https://openalex.org/W2740418457","https://openalex.org/W2768573964","https://openalex.org/W2795645133","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2893739961","https://openalex.org/W2897085414","https://openalex.org/W2897828525","https://openalex.org/W2913954081","https://openalex.org/W2914777910","https://openalex.org/W2922243907","https://openalex.org/W2951019013","https://openalex.org/W2957348723","https://openalex.org/W2962705366","https://openalex.org/W2963708168","https://openalex.org/W2963713713","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2979458572","https://openalex.org/W2981381717","https://openalex.org/W3007117364","https://openalex.org/W3015156215","https://openalex.org/W3034275286","https://openalex.org/W3093386634","https://openalex.org/W3097152356","https://openalex.org/W3120940268","https://openalex.org/W3151585875","https://openalex.org/W3173736705","https://openalex.org/W3176602998","https://openalex.org/W4205831655","https://openalex.org/W4214925515","https://openalex.org/W4224241763","https://openalex.org/W4226077904","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4256017923","https://openalex.org/W4287864045","https://openalex.org/W4297310234","https://openalex.org/W4299285661","https://openalex.org/W4304080664","https://openalex.org/W4312606103","https://openalex.org/W4312990699","https://openalex.org/W4386065635","https://openalex.org/W4386076195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W4243161226","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W1968481813","https://openalex.org/W2964084369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"and":[1,32,53,67,69,118,129,161,187],"accurate":[2],"camera":[3,16,52],"pose":[4,162],"estimation":[5],"is":[6,72],"fundamental":[7],"in":[8],"computer":[9],"vision.":[10],"Learning-based":[11],"regression":[12],"approaches":[13,36],"acquire":[14],"six-degree-of-freedom":[15],"parameters":[17],"accurately":[18],"from":[19,61],"visual":[20,88,174,213],"cues":[21],"of":[22,49,82,184],"an":[23,152],"input":[24],"image.":[25],"However,":[26],"most":[27],"are":[28,65,171],"trained":[29,140],"on":[30,141,210],"street-view":[31],"landmark":[33],"datasets.":[34],"These":[35],"can":[37,179],"hardly":[38],"be":[39],"generalized":[40],"to":[41,173],"overlooking":[42],"use":[43],"cases,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"the":[47,50,62,80,94,181],"calibration":[48],"surveillance":[51],"unmanned":[54],"aerial":[55],"vehicle.":[56],"Besides,":[57],"reference":[58],"images":[59,86,121,170,178,186],"captured":[60],"real":[63,185],"world":[64],"rare":[66],"expensive,":[68],"their":[70],"diversity":[71,182],"not":[73],"guaranteed.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"article,":[77],"we":[78,99,133,150,218],"address":[79],"problem":[81,183],"using":[83,215],"alternative":[84],"virtual":[85,120,142,169,177],"for":[87,145,158,192,212],"localization":[89,104,214],"training.":[90],"This":[91],"work":[92],"has":[93],"following":[95],"principle":[96],"contributions:":[97],"First,":[98],"present":[100,134],"a":[101,135],"new":[102],"challenging":[103],"dataset":[105],"containing":[106],"six":[107],"reconstructed":[108],"large-scale":[109,167],"three-dimensional":[110],"scenes,":[111],"10,594":[112],"calibrated":[113],"photographs":[114],"with":[115,122],"condition":[116],"changes,":[117],"300k":[119],"pixelwise":[123],"labeled":[124,189],"depth,":[125],"relative":[126],"surface":[127],"normal,":[128],"semantic":[130],"segmentation.":[131],"Second,":[132],"flexible":[136],"multi-feature":[137,190],"fusion":[138],"network":[139,157],"image":[143,147],"datasets":[144],"robust":[146],"retrieval.":[148],"Third,":[149],"propose":[151],"end-to-end":[153],"confidence":[154],"map":[155],"prediction":[156],"feature":[159],"filtering":[160],"estimation.":[163],"We":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166,198],"rendered":[168],"beneficial":[172],"localization.":[175],"Using":[176],"solve":[180],"leverage":[188],"data":[191],"deep":[193],"learning.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"results":[196],"show":[197],"our":[199,220],"method":[200],"achieves":[201],"remarkable":[202],"performance":[203],"surpassing":[204],"state-of-the-art":[205],"approaches.":[206],"To":[207],"foster":[208],"research":[209],"improvement":[211],"synthetic":[216],"images,":[217],"release":[219],"benchmark":[221],"at":[222],"https://github.com/YuanXiong/contributions":[223],".":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
