{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395106435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620666.3651364","title":"Accelerating Multi-Scalar Multiplication for Efficient Zero Knowledge Proofs with Multi-GPU Systems","display_name":"Accelerating Multi-Scalar Multiplication for Efficient Zero Knowledge Proofs with Multi-GPU Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395106435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620666.3651364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620666.3651364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620666.3651364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 3","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030309370","display_name":"Zhuoran Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-2767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101933355","display_name":"Z. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4367-9437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4367-9437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059667203","display_name":"Jiming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-9018"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-9018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063104755","display_name":"Lei Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-5399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-5399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.980125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8158429861068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6835102438926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6093945503234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5236586928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.44551610946655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3426368534564972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.1717745065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1402602195739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.09688594937324524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8158429861068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6835102438926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6093945503234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5236586928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44551610946655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3426368534564972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.1717745065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1402602195739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.09688594937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620666.3651364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620666.3651364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 3","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5825831045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023112835706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318398","funder_display_name":"Ant Group"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318398","display_name":"Ant Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5w7n47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502745717","https://openalex.org/W1539482743","https://openalex.org/W1969682901","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1976646754","https://openalex.org/W1987890787","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2067047774","https://openalex.org/W2138878395","https://openalex.org/W2140861996","https://openalex.org/W2151163104","https://openalex.org/W2397022484","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2509355615","https://openalex.org/W2626696598","https://openalex.org/W2676157184","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2888953019","https://openalex.org/W3042402785","https://openalex.org/W3163926471","https://openalex.org/W3165659700","https://openalex.org/W3202343456","https://openalex.org/W3211042764","https://openalex.org/W4225604126","https://openalex.org/W4309567662","https://openalex.org/W4310563332","https://openalex.org/W4313508331","https://openalex.org/W4318541683","https://openalex.org/W4380081638","https://openalex.org/W6754314453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317245370","https://openalex.org/W4249323025","https://openalex.org/W198851386","https://openalex.org/W2030310580","https://openalex.org/W947442053","https://openalex.org/W2148915962","https://openalex.org/W2283866686","https://openalex.org/W4287182096","https://openalex.org/W27867058","https://openalex.org/W1980160788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-knowledge":[0],"proof":[1,30,41],"is":[2],"a":[3,64,153],"cryptographic":[4],"primitive":[5],"that":[6,89,148],"allows":[7],"for":[8,52,69,81,106,122],"the":[9,28,56,74,94,167],"validation":[10],"of":[11,55,163,172],"statements":[12],"without":[13],"disclosing":[14],"any":[15],"sensitive":[16],"information,":[17],"foundational":[18],"in":[19,160,176],"applications":[20],"like":[21],"verifiable":[22],"outsourcing":[23],"and":[24,86,118,142,170],"digital":[25],"currency.":[26],"However,":[27],"extensive":[29],"generation":[31,42],"time":[32],"limits":[33],"its":[34],"widespread":[35],"adoption.":[36],"Even":[37],"with":[38,47,114],"GPU":[39,95,108,143,155],"acceleration,":[40],"can":[43,156],"still":[44],"take":[45],"minutes,":[46],"Multi-Scalar":[48],"Multiplication":[49],"(MSM)":[50],"accounting":[51],"about":[53],"78.2%":[54],"workload.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this,":[60],"we":[61],"present":[62],"DistMSM,":[63],"novel":[65],"MSM":[66,130,146],"algorithm":[67,80],"tailored":[68,105],"distributed":[70,173],"multi-GPU":[71,82,174],"systems.":[72],"At":[73,93],"algorithmic":[75],"level,":[76,97],"DistMSM":[77,98,132],"adapts":[78],"Pippenger's":[79],"setups,":[83],"effectively":[84],"identifying":[85],"addressing":[87],"bottlenecks":[88],"emerge":[90],"during":[91],"scaling.":[92],"kernel":[96,104],"introduces":[99],"an":[100,134],"elliptic":[101,140],"curve":[102],"arithmetic":[103],"contemporary":[107],"architectures.":[109],"It":[110,165],"optimizes":[111],"register":[112],"pressure":[113],"two":[115],"innovative":[116],"techniques":[117],"leverages":[119],"tensor":[120],"cores":[121],"specific":[123],"big":[124],"integer":[125],"multiplications.":[126],"Compared":[127],"to":[128],"state-of-the-art":[129],"implementations,":[131],"offers":[133],"average":[135],"6.39\u00d7":[136],"speedup":[137],"across":[138],"various":[139],"curves":[141],"counts.":[144],"An":[145],"task":[147],"previously":[149],"took":[150],"seconds":[151],"on":[152],"single":[154],"now":[157],"be":[158],"completed":[159],"mere":[161],"tens":[162],"milliseconds.":[164],"showcases":[166],"substantial":[168],"potential":[169],"efficiency":[171],"systems":[175],"ZKP":[177],"acceleration.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}