{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395020635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395","title":"Energy Efficient Convolutions with Temporal Arithmetic","display_name":"Energy Efficient Convolutions with Temporal Arithmetic","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395020635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620665.3640395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095841289","display_name":"Rhys Gretsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rhys Gretsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1416-5532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095841290","display_name":"Peiyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4127-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4127-8908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038802680","display_name":"Advait Madhavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-1336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Advait Madhavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-1336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953668","display_name":"Jeremy Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6195-187X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6195-187X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036932071","display_name":"Timothy Sherwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-6075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Sherwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-6075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095841289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74863657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"354","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7424149513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6985976099967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5503522753715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.544838547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5314076542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.5300357341766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5268741250038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.5186466574668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5143502950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4518992602825165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4454713463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.43036478757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42953312397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42771556973457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31644415855407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2899784445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23805618286132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14080438017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11233019828796387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7424149513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6985976099967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5503522753715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.544838547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5314076542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.5300357341766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5268741250038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5186466574668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5143502950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4518992602825165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4454713463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.43036478757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42953312397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42771556973457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31644415855407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2899784445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23805618286132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14080438017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11233019828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620665.3640395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620665.3640395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003572525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1730309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G218308366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1717779","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8861760227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1763699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180478659","https://openalex.org/W183625566","https://openalex.org/W1499677203","https://openalex.org/W1514016044","https://openalex.org/W1515641485","https://openalex.org/W1533299367","https://openalex.org/W1826188091","https://openalex.org/W2016248310","https://openalex.org/W2017417353","https://openalex.org/W2069345435","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125555561","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2156391522","https://openalex.org/W2587531421","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2609520889","https://openalex.org/W2891660019","https://openalex.org/W2933264412","https://openalex.org/W2945569829","https://openalex.org/W2981240739","https://openalex.org/W2985631896","https://openalex.org/W3014140399","https://openalex.org/W3027757022","https://openalex.org/W3043216033","https://openalex.org/W3084202508","https://openalex.org/W3090014039","https://openalex.org/W3091209930","https://openalex.org/W3108982836","https://openalex.org/W3116922653","https://openalex.org/W3128475754","https://openalex.org/W3133578396","https://openalex.org/W3135417614","https://openalex.org/W3135906938","https://openalex.org/W3157702951","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3191540685","https://openalex.org/W3209762372","https://openalex.org/W4205313707","https://openalex.org/W4232675554","https://openalex.org/W4237249260","https://openalex.org/W4247878797","https://openalex.org/W4280635517","https://openalex.org/W4299506783","https://openalex.org/W4360831799","https://openalex.org/W4380881156","https://openalex.org/W6629644485","https://openalex.org/W6651316337","https://openalex.org/W6803376173","https://openalex.org/W6812937295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2070883797","https://openalex.org/W4386859288","https://openalex.org/W2102542442","https://openalex.org/W1986220761","https://openalex.org/W2042495646","https://openalex.org/W2047506301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolution":[0],"is":[1,146],"an":[2],"important":[3,28],"operation":[4],"at":[5],"the":[6,41,57,82],"heart":[7],"of":[8,60,77,132,142],"many":[9],"applications,":[10],"including":[11,65],"image":[12],"processing,":[13],"object":[14],"detection,":[15],"and":[16,22,116,151],"neural":[17],"networks.":[18],"While":[19,97],"data":[20,50],"movement":[21],"coordination":[23],"operations":[24,45,118,125],"continue":[25],"to":[26,55,71,103,149],"be":[27],"areas":[29],"for":[30,35,94],"optimization":[31],"in":[32],"general-purpose":[33],"architectures,":[34],"computation":[36],"fused":[37],"with":[38,63,81],"sensor":[39],"operation,":[40,74],"underlying":[42],"multiply-accumulate":[43],"(MAC)":[44],"dominate":[46],"power":[47],"consumption.":[48],"Non-traditional":[49],"encoding":[51],"has":[52,90,119],"been":[53,92,101,122,130],"shown":[54,102],"reduce":[56],"energy":[58,153],"consumption":[59],"this":[61,135],"arithmetic,":[62],"options":[64],"everything":[66],"from":[67],"reduced-precision":[68],"floating":[69],"point":[70],"fully":[72],"stochastic":[73],"but":[75],"all":[76],"these":[78],"approaches":[79],"start":[80],"assumption":[83],"that":[84,139],"a":[85],"complete":[86],"analog-to-digital":[87],"conversion":[88],"(ADC)":[89],"already":[91],"done":[93],"each":[95],"pixel.":[96],"analog-to-time":[98],"converters":[99],"have":[100,129],"use":[104],"less":[105],"energy,":[106],"arithmetically":[107],"manipulating":[108],"temporally":[109,143],"encoded":[110,144],"signals":[111,145],"beyond":[112],"simple":[113],"min,":[114],"max,":[115],"delay":[117],"not":[120],"previously":[121],"possible,":[123,147],"meaning":[124],"such":[126],"as":[127],"convolution":[128],"out":[131],"reach.":[133],"In":[134],"paper":[136],"we":[137],"show":[138],"arithmetic":[140],"manipulation":[141],"practical":[148],"implement,":[150],"extremely":[152],"efficient.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}