{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394998974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640388","title":"A Fault-Tolerant Million Qubit-Scale Distributed Quantum Computer","display_name":"A Fault-Tolerant Million Qubit-Scale Distributed Quantum Computer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394998974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620665.3640388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035098283","display_name":"Junpyo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-1669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junpyo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009241741","display_name":"Dongmoon Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmoon Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074202165","display_name":"Jungmin Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-5018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungmin Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003140633","display_name":"Hyeonseong Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8448-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeonseong Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045264788","display_name":"Ilkwon Byun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-7437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilkwon Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023818328","display_name":"Junhyuk Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-3827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhyuk Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069278666","display_name":"Juwon Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6149-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juwon Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101743105","display_name":"Jangwoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jangwoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035098283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97398901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.715376615524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6659214496612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6497743725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5637086629867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5276359915733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.45384520292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4042740762233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3578532338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17654263973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.15108099579811096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.715376615524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6659214496612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6497743725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5637086629867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5276359915733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.45384520292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4042740762233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3578532338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17654263973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15108099579811096}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3620665.3640388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3620665.3640388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527730705","https://openalex.org/W1530691225","https://openalex.org/W1533625736","https://openalex.org/W1819886047","https://openalex.org/W1864457549","https://openalex.org/W1967827858","https://openalex.org/W1968850365","https://openalex.org/W1977033953","https://openalex.org/W1984021697","https://openalex.org/W1984167858","https://openalex.org/W1985315536","https://openalex.org/W2016318583","https://openalex.org/W2016321815","https://openalex.org/W2024665095","https://openalex.org/W2030867075","https://openalex.org/W2035576925","https://openalex.org/W2043500043","https://openalex.org/W2049916594","https://openalex.org/W2057530043","https://openalex.org/W2066230052","https://openalex.org/W2073710850","https://openalex.org/W2088636071","https://openalex.org/W2089540019","https://openalex.org/W2091654902","https://openalex.org/W2103912183","https://openalex.org/W2108313133","https://openalex.org/W2138351227","https://openalex.org/W2142109169","https://openalex.org/W2155144488","https://openalex.org/W2186372201","https://openalex.org/W2211717363","https://openalex.org/W2298410160","https://openalex.org/W2441481023","https://openalex.org/W2463723514","https://openalex.org/W2560309622","https://openalex.org/W2584669118","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2593843216","https://openalex.org/W2716515748","https://openalex.org/W2752332060","https://openalex.org/W2761225910","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W2766390815","https://openalex.org/W2776522777","https://openalex.org/W2785271855","https://openalex.org/W2802155668","https://openalex.org/W2891420142","https://openalex.org/W2923595161","https://openalex.org/W2944531742","https://openalex.org/W2946582523","https://openalex.org/W2950805899","https://openalex.org/W2953271834","https://openalex.org/W2979996741","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W2996018287","https://openalex.org/W3042739568","https://openalex.org/W3046950999","https://openalex.org/W3081216242","https://openalex.org/W3089495739","https://openalex.org/W3100413465","https://openalex.org/W3100736866","https://openalex.org/W3100913675","https://openalex.org/W3101119256","https://openalex.org/W3101240002","https://openalex.org/W3102078856","https://openalex.org/W3102161549","https://openalex.org/W3103862034","https://openalex.org/W3105757869","https://openalex.org/W3105850352","https://openalex.org/W3105905848","https://openalex.org/W3106422982","https://openalex.org/W3109862087","https://openalex.org/W3114173002","https://openalex.org/W3130703770","https://openalex.org/W3131611635","https://openalex.org/W3135510046","https://openalex.org/W3136134248","https://openalex.org/W3138004811","https://openalex.org/W3163303881","https://openalex.org/W3181290353","https://openalex.org/W3182253249","https://openalex.org/W3205601995","https://openalex.org/W3205701968","https://openalex.org/W3209612530","https://openalex.org/W3211604468","https://openalex.org/W3214111195","https://openalex.org/W4205992448","https://openalex.org/W4213451376","https://openalex.org/W4214524459","https://openalex.org/W4220688022","https://openalex.org/W4220701436","https://openalex.org/W4225400625","https://openalex.org/W4280500209","https://openalex.org/W4280523317","https://openalex.org/W4280646646","https://openalex.org/W4281701888","https://openalex.org/W4281766628","https://openalex.org/W4293173819","https://openalex.org/W4294759500","https://openalex.org/W4296501430","https://openalex.org/W4307283983","https://openalex.org/W4307563194","https://openalex.org/W4308083525","https://openalex.org/W4308083601","https://openalex.org/W4317793302","https://openalex.org/W4318541555","https://openalex.org/W4319312418","https://openalex.org/W4321381020","https://openalex.org/W4324348825","https://openalex.org/W4365453624","https://openalex.org/W4380874633","https://openalex.org/W4380874656","https://openalex.org/W4383873702","https://openalex.org/W4385192360","https://openalex.org/W4394662590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382281260","https://openalex.org/W4226092092","https://openalex.org/W4221143630","https://openalex.org/W4281983429","https://openalex.org/W4387075962","https://openalex.org/W3121558291","https://openalex.org/W4390952833","https://openalex.org/W2297609635","https://openalex.org/W4392599980","https://openalex.org/W2134613344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"million":[1],"qubit-scale":[2],"quantum":[3,10,14,18,36,90],"computer":[4,37],"is":[5,82],"essential":[6],"to":[7,25,72,84],"realize":[8,85],"the":[9,54,62,68],"supremacy.":[11],"Modern":[12],"large-scale":[13,34,88],"computers":[15,19],"integrate":[16],"multiple":[17],"located":[20],"in":[21],"dilution":[22],"refrigerators":[23],"(DR)":[24],"overcome":[26],"each":[27],"DR's":[28],"unscaling":[29],"cooling":[30],"budget.":[31],"However,":[32],"a":[33,86],"multi-DR":[35,89],"introduces":[38],"its":[39],"unique":[40],"challenges":[41],"(i.e.,":[42],"slow":[43],"and":[44,51,67,74],"erroneous":[45],"inter-DR":[46,69],"entanglement,":[47],"increased":[48],"qubit":[49],"scale),":[50],"they":[52],"make":[53],"baseline":[55],"error":[56],"handling":[57],"mechanism":[58],"ineffective":[59],"by":[60],"increasing":[61],"number":[63],"of":[64],"gate":[65],"operations":[66],"communication":[70],"latency":[71],"decode":[73],"correct":[75],"errors.":[76],"Without":[77],"resolving":[78],"these":[79],"challenges,":[80],"it":[81],"impossible":[83],"fault-tolerant":[87],"computer.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}