{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387364477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3618115","title":"Teacher Education to Integrate Computational Thinking into Elementary Science: A Design-Based Research Study","display_name":"Teacher Education to Integrate Computational Thinking into Elementary Science: A Design-Based Research Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387364477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3618115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3618115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3618115","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3618115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3618115","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031076501","display_name":"Heather Killen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heather Killen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-8116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057439957","display_name":"Merijke Coenraad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-1876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800874886","display_name":"Digital Promise","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqw2206","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800874886"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merijke Coenraad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Experience Design, Digital Promise, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-1876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Experience Design, Digital Promise, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800874886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072852081","display_name":"Virginia L. Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-6522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and Urban Studies, Morgan State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-6522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Urban Studies, Morgan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015400095","display_name":"Lautaro Cabrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-4258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lautaro Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-4258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030328746","display_name":"Kelly Mills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-2321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800874886","display_name":"Digital Promise","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqw2206","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800874886"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Thinking, Digital Promise, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-2321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Thinking, Digital Promise, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800874886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091443670","display_name":"Diane Jass Ketelhut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-1281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Jass Ketelhut","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-1281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083345871","display_name":"Jandelyn Plane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-8890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jandelyn D. Plane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-8890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031076501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9476,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96790181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coursework","display_name":"Coursework","score":0.7656573057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.6532658338546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.5667144060134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.48846831917762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"Science education","score":0.4736555516719818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-integration","display_name":"Technology integration","score":0.45978406071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44922226667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4335612654685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"Professional development","score":0.4313785433769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.384229838848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.37370508909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31119054555892944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781110425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2074695","display_name":"Coursework","level":2,"score":0.7656573057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6532658338546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5667144060134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.48846831917762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.4736555516719818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692612","display_name":"Technology integration","level":3,"score":0.45978406071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44922226667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4335612654685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.4313785433769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.384229838848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.37370508909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31119054555892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3618115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3618115","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3618115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3618115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3618115","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3618115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G314331873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1639891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387364477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387364477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35436803","https://openalex.org/W113138739","https://openalex.org/W174513370","https://openalex.org/W340400351","https://openalex.org/W785172332","https://openalex.org/W1553185521","https://openalex.org/W1567353093","https://openalex.org/W1687473687","https://openalex.org/W1777119744","https://openalex.org/W1871742716","https://openalex.org/W1976795862","https://openalex.org/W1988496957","https://openalex.org/W2002393849","https://openalex.org/W2002845804","https://openalex.org/W2002880825","https://openalex.org/W2006526864","https://openalex.org/W2014765264","https://openalex.org/W2018037215","https://openalex.org/W2034814098","https://openalex.org/W2041985093","https://openalex.org/W2060486579","https://openalex.org/W2062966917","https://openalex.org/W2080650200","https://openalex.org/W2091108914","https://openalex.org/W2108304689","https://openalex.org/W2109174732","https://openalex.org/W2118104321","https://openalex.org/W2118507471","https://openalex.org/W2130210496","https://openalex.org/W2131601454","https://openalex.org/W2132242306","https://openalex.org/W2134566903","https://openalex.org/W2135503425","https://openalex.org/W2138437251","https://openalex.org/W2144506006","https://openalex.org/W2167284058","https://openalex.org/W2182101885","https://openalex.org/W2183871492","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2413609460","https://openalex.org/W2466821246","https://openalex.org/W2511411508","https://openalex.org/W2531461299","https://openalex.org/W2554181311","https://openalex.org/W2559942697","https://openalex.org/W2560649688","https://openalex.org/W2599518471","https://openalex.org/W2606965878","https://openalex.org/W2736778601","https://openalex.org/W2769197257","https://openalex.org/W2808724472","https://openalex.org/W2895493109","https://openalex.org/W2899042230","https://openalex.org/W2905656129","https://openalex.org/W2909178749","https://openalex.org/W2916007975","https://openalex.org/W2922490942","https://openalex.org/W2978834428","https://openalex.org/W2982051315","https://openalex.org/W2984528029","https://openalex.org/W2989575716","https://openalex.org/W2989972365","https://openalex.org/W2992016438","https://openalex.org/W2993876880","https://openalex.org/W2999453728","https://openalex.org/W3005309612","https://openalex.org/W3025880000","https://openalex.org/W3048471524","https://openalex.org/W3112757674","https://openalex.org/W3132393603","https://openalex.org/W3141148062","https://openalex.org/W3157855075","https://openalex.org/W3170868427","https://openalex.org/W3208167780","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W4210702550","https://openalex.org/W4211232095","https://openalex.org/W4233020791","https://openalex.org/W4241688965","https://openalex.org/W4244617186","https://openalex.org/W4256291928","https://openalex.org/W4293220228","https://openalex.org/W4385380063","https://openalex.org/W4390490586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147263593","https://openalex.org/W2183534300","https://openalex.org/W3035797630","https://openalex.org/W2508456729","https://openalex.org/W4205913910","https://openalex.org/W2155007207","https://openalex.org/W2898902315","https://openalex.org/W3005510774","https://openalex.org/W2121072108","https://openalex.org/W2092409422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"thinking":[1],"(CT)":[2],"is":[3],"playing":[4],"an":[5,117],"increasingly":[6],"relevant":[7],"role":[8],"within":[9,116,174],"disciplinary":[10],"teaching":[11],"in":[12,16,42,79,105],"elementary":[13,98,118],"school,":[14],"particularly":[15],"science.":[17],"However,":[18],"many":[19],"teachers":[20,81,93],"are":[21],"unfamiliar":[22],"with":[23,123],"CT,":[24],"either":[25],"because":[26,36],"their":[27,43,59],"education":[28],"occurred":[29],"before":[30],"the":[31],"popularization":[32],"of":[33,109,143,182],"CT":[34,37,49,60,64,72,96,111,153,175],"or":[35],"instruction":[38,112,154],"was":[39],"not":[40],"included":[41],"pre-service":[44,114],"coursework.":[45],"For":[46],"these":[47],"teachers,":[48],"professional":[50],"development":[51],"(PD)":[52],"becomes":[53],"a":[54,106,124],"primary":[55],"mechanism":[56],"to":[57,82,94,184],"close":[58],"knowledge":[61],"gap.":[62],"While":[63],"PD":[65,127,172],"has":[66],"demonstrated":[67],"success":[68],"at":[69],"increasing":[70],"teacher's":[71],"understanding,":[73],"researchers":[74,185],"have":[75],"reported":[76],"varied":[77],"outcomes":[78],"supporting":[80],"write":[83],"CT-integrated":[84],"lesson":[85],"plans.":[86],"To":[87],"explore":[88],"how":[89],"we":[90,100,137],"might":[91],"support":[92],"integrate":[95],"into":[97],"science,":[99],"employed":[101],"design-based":[102],"research":[103],"(DBR)":[104],"dual-track":[107],"design":[108,148,157],"in-class":[110],"for":[113,129,152,188],"undergraduates":[115],"science":[119],"methods":[120],"class":[121],"paired":[122],"collaborative,":[125],"multi-month":[126],"opportunity":[128],"pre-":[130],"and":[131,145,150,155,171],"in-service":[132],"teachers.":[133],"In":[134],"this":[135],"article,":[136],"reflect":[138],"on":[139,163],"our":[140,147],"5-year":[141],"period":[142],"DBR":[144,187],"present":[146],"insights":[149],"implications":[151],"curriculum":[156],"from":[158],"each":[159],"iteration.":[160],"Our":[161,177],"findings":[162],"best":[164],"practices":[165],"will":[166,179],"inform":[167],"both":[168],"teacher":[169],"educators":[170],"providers":[173],"education.":[176],"work":[178],"also":[180],"be":[181],"interest":[183],"considering":[186],"technology-based":[189],"educational":[190],"projects.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
