{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394871771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617232.3624860","title":"Exploiting Human Color Discrimination for Memory- and Energy-Efficient Image Encoding in Virtual Reality","display_name":"Exploiting Human Color Discrimination for Memory- and Energy-Efficient Image Encoding in Virtual Reality","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394871771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617232.3624860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617232.3624860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617232.3624860","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617232.3624860","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617232.3624860","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065162426","display_name":"Nisarg Ujjainkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6002-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nisarg Ujjainkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rochester, Rochester, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester, Rochester, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092555940","display_name":"Ethan Shahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-7258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Shahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rochester, Rochester, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694404","display_name":"Kenneth Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090482006","display_name":"Budmonde Duinkharjav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-3273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Budmonde Duinkharjav","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025243341","display_name":"Qi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-5844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023684582","display_name":"Yuhao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rochester, Rochester, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester, Rochester, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065162426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89237526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"166","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8208652138710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.8081281185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7561061382293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.6304438710212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5839871168136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.530890166759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5161117315292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45979803800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4237125515937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.42367202043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42078229784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4125867784023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.26384586095809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22638839483261108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8208652138710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.8081281185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7561061382293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.6304438710212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5839871168136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.530890166759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5161117315292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45979803800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4237125515937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.42367202043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42078229784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4125867784023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.26384586095809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22638839483261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617232.3624860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617232.3624860","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617232.3624860","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617232.3624860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617232.3624860","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617232.3624860","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3028909970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2225860","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394871771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394871771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590548658","https://openalex.org/W1964231646","https://openalex.org/W1964602001","https://openalex.org/W1975442866","https://openalex.org/W1981451312","https://openalex.org/W1982447763","https://openalex.org/W2003577166","https://openalex.org/W2017279664","https://openalex.org/W2040903332","https://openalex.org/W2052201685","https://openalex.org/W2054283707","https://openalex.org/W2060336605","https://openalex.org/W2062448889","https://openalex.org/W2064703793","https://openalex.org/W2069245746","https://openalex.org/W2123185187","https://openalex.org/W2129902076","https://openalex.org/W2143968178","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2235715729","https://openalex.org/W2237415205","https://openalex.org/W2339805571","https://openalex.org/W2364314042","https://openalex.org/W2501931258","https://openalex.org/W2505094182","https://openalex.org/W2548681905","https://openalex.org/W2551546500","https://openalex.org/W2588321605","https://openalex.org/W2755643607","https://openalex.org/W2762989410","https://openalex.org/W2766369723","https://openalex.org/W2769389473","https://openalex.org/W2786023220","https://openalex.org/W2794531038","https://openalex.org/W2796301186","https://openalex.org/W2950532338","https://openalex.org/W2979643267","https://openalex.org/W3000219533","https://openalex.org/W3006200321","https://openalex.org/W3007945557","https://openalex.org/W3008030068","https://openalex.org/W3011266864","https://openalex.org/W3033766742","https://openalex.org/W3042865289","https://openalex.org/W3127921742","https://openalex.org/W3134757676","https://openalex.org/W3154683376","https://openalex.org/W3156742584","https://openalex.org/W3174722994","https://openalex.org/W3180645770","https://openalex.org/W3184676995","https://openalex.org/W3205099828","https://openalex.org/W3205905794","https://openalex.org/W4206185189","https://openalex.org/W4221049191","https://openalex.org/W4233688976","https://openalex.org/W4248591063","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4296405132","https://openalex.org/W4312276325","https://openalex.org/W4360831979","https://openalex.org/W6642420751","https://openalex.org/W6704557231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385628723","https://openalex.org/W2547124190","https://openalex.org/W3180760233","https://openalex.org/W3035703949","https://openalex.org/W4247601675","https://openalex.org/W1970394887","https://openalex.org/W755971114","https://openalex.org/W2118338613","https://openalex.org/W1982468865","https://openalex.org/W4210455546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"Reality":[1],"(VR)":[2],"has":[3],"the":[4,8,16,49,124,138,158],"potential":[5],"of":[6,19,41,90],"becoming":[7],"next":[9],"ubiquitous":[10],"computing":[11,26],"platform.":[12],"Continued":[13],"progress":[14],"in":[15,119,155],"burgeoning":[17],"field":[18],"VR":[20],"depends":[21],"critically":[22],"on":[23,88,175],"an":[24,130],"efficient":[25],"substrate.":[27],"In":[28],"particular,":[29],"DRAM":[30,50,83,159],"access":[31],"energy":[32],"is":[33,63,148],"known":[34],"to":[35,37,65,81,104,136,171,184],"contribute":[36],"a":[38,54,74],"significant":[39],"portion":[40],"system":[42,47,80,181],"energy.":[43],"Today's":[44],"framebuffer":[45,166],"compression":[46,57,167],"alleviates":[48],"traffic":[51,160],"by":[52,161,169],"using":[53],"numerically":[55,60,78],"lossless":[56],"algorithm.":[58],"Being":[59],"lossless,":[61,76],"however,":[62],"unnecessary":[64],"preserve":[66],"perceptual":[67,186],"quality":[68],"for":[69],"humans.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"perceptually":[75,117],"but":[77],"lossy,":[79],"compress":[82],"traffic.":[84],"Our":[85],"idea":[86],"builds":[87],"top":[89],"long-established":[91],"psychophysical":[92],"studies":[93,174],"that":[94,96,101,132,179],"show":[95,178],"humans":[97],"cannot":[98],"discriminate":[99],"colors":[100,115,135],"are":[102,116],"close":[103],"each":[105],"other.":[106],"The":[107,146],"discrimination":[108,126],"ability":[109],"becomes":[110],"even":[111],"weaker":[112],"(i.e.,":[113],"more":[114],"indistinguishable)":[118],"our":[120,180],"peripheral":[121],"vision.":[122],"Leveraging":[123],"color":[125],"(in)ability,":[127],"we":[128],"propose":[129],"algorithm":[131,147],"adjusts":[133],"pixel":[134],"minimize":[137],"bit":[139],"encoding":[140],"cost":[141],"without":[142],"introducing":[143],"visible":[144],"artifacts.":[145],"coupled":[149],"with":[150],"lightweight":[151],"architectural":[152],"support":[153],"that,":[154],"real-time,":[156],"reduces":[157],"66.9%":[162],"and":[163],"outperforms":[164],"existing":[165],"mechanisms":[168],"up":[170],"20.4%.":[172],"Psychophysical":[173],"human":[176],"participants":[177],"introduce":[182],"little":[183],"no":[185],"fidelity":[187],"degradation.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
