{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386136163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617174","title":"FQN Inference in Partial Code by Prompt-tuned Language Model of Code","display_name":"FQN Inference in Partial Code by Prompt-tuned Language Model of Code","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386136163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087875790","display_name":"Qing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8877-4267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101811003","display_name":"Zhiqiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-9380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028641941","display_name":"Zhenchang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-1421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenchang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61 &amp; Australian National University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61 &amp; Australian National University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854992","display_name":"Xin Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006841485","display_name":"Xiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652461","display_name":"Qinghua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-1672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087875790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85433256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8501324653625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6542512774467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6431646943092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.5964487791061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5390459895133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.5310758948326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5176968574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typescript","display_name":"TypeScript","score":0.47687727212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.46632033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-reuse","display_name":"Code reuse","score":0.41518038511276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.38370850682258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34316009283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32185599207878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1712827980518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.14016398787498474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8501324653625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6542512774467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6431646943092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.5964487791061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5390459895133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.5310758948326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5176968574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978185","display_name":"TypeScript","level":2,"score":0.47687727212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.46632033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.41518038511276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.38370850682258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34316009283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32185599207878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1712827980518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.14016398787498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2114063453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YC2021-S308, YC2022-s258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317312","funder_display_name":"Graduate Innovative Special Fund Projects of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36495877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6190216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4400027650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262031, 61902162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6535910400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762132590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317312","display_name":"Graduate Innovative Special Fund Projects of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1962482270","https://openalex.org/W1972141422","https://openalex.org/W1997646511","https://openalex.org/W2011458734","https://openalex.org/W2062989416","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2106259924","https://openalex.org/W2115130131","https://openalex.org/W2122401044","https://openalex.org/W2129658791","https://openalex.org/W2133333349","https://openalex.org/W2164961799","https://openalex.org/W2346411278","https://openalex.org/W2794992746","https://openalex.org/W2795013376","https://openalex.org/W2795362139","https://openalex.org/W2810627707","https://openalex.org/W2901934569","https://openalex.org/W2921611887","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963541700","https://openalex.org/W2963935794","https://openalex.org/W2967937885","https://openalex.org/W2968388969","https://openalex.org/W2970476646","https://openalex.org/W2972082064","https://openalex.org/W2994316338","https://openalex.org/W2999648948","https://openalex.org/W3014877975","https://openalex.org/W3034689979","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3039516369","https://openalex.org/W3044438666","https://openalex.org/W3084917208","https://openalex.org/W3095493018","https://openalex.org/W3098267758","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3102659883","https://openalex.org/W3119438769","https://openalex.org/W3125402553","https://openalex.org/W3138429261","https://openalex.org/W3146844750","https://openalex.org/W3153576810","https://openalex.org/W3172642864","https://openalex.org/W3174770825","https://openalex.org/W3195893957","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W4200633062","https://openalex.org/W4205991051","https://openalex.org/W4284685915","https://openalex.org/W4284685949","https://openalex.org/W4284687350","https://openalex.org/W4284710241","https://openalex.org/W4285247752","https://openalex.org/W4287020692","https://openalex.org/W4309811444","https://openalex.org/W4313563756","https://openalex.org/W4385572925","https://openalex.org/W6766833426","https://openalex.org/W6800387517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313563701","https://openalex.org/W4389751695","https://openalex.org/W4310447811","https://openalex.org/W4362681007","https://openalex.org/W2165004968","https://openalex.org/W2320787857","https://openalex.org/W3086207785","https://openalex.org/W2969229669","https://openalex.org/W3012064729","https://openalex.org/W2955426500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Partial":[0],"code":[1,52,67,107,131,171,198],"usually":[2],"involves":[3],"non-fully-qualified":[4],"type":[5,26,95,118,199,221,237],"names":[6,50,65],"(non-FQNs)":[7],"and":[8,19,34,51,59,66,102,114,125,146,174,177,181,193,201],"undeclared":[9,20],"receiving":[10,21],"objects.":[11],"Resolving":[12],"the":[13,29,110,122,158,187,190,230,241],"FQNs":[14,123,156],"of":[15,36,48,169,189,232,247],"these":[16],"non-FQN":[17],"types":[18],"objects":[22],"(referred":[23],"to":[24,31,62,151,207,217,243],"as":[25,89,141],"inference)":[27],"is":[28,100,139],"prerequisite":[30],"effective":[32],"search":[33],"reuse":[35],"partial":[37,197,249],"code.":[38,250],"Existing":[39],"dictionary-lookup":[40],"based":[41],"methods":[42],"build":[43],"a":[44,76,90,134,142,166,219,226],"symbolic":[45],"knowledge":[46,92,127],"base":[47,93],"API":[49,64],"contexts,":[53],"which":[54,99],"involve":[55],"significant":[56],"compilation":[57],"overhead":[58],"are":[60],"sensitive":[61],"unseen":[63],"context":[68,115],"variations.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"using":[75,248],"p":[77],"rompt-tuned":[78],"c":[79],"o":[80],"de":[81],"m":[82],"asked":[83],"language":[84],"mod":[85],"e":[86],"l":[87],"(MLM)":[88],"neural":[91,236],"for":[94,117,196,224],"inference,":[96,119,200],"called":[97],"POME,":[98],"lightweight":[101],"has":[103],"minimal":[104],"requirements":[105],"on":[106,165],"compilation.":[108],"Unlike":[109],"existing":[111],"symbol":[112],"name":[113],"matching":[116],"POME":[120,138,164,191,212],"infers":[121],"syntax":[124],"usage":[126],"encapsulated":[128],"in":[129,154,157],"prompt-tuned":[130],"MLM":[132],"through":[133],"colze-style":[135],"fill-in-blank":[136],"strategy.":[137],"integrated":[140,147],"plug-in":[143],"into":[144],"web":[145],"development":[148],"environments":[149],"(IDE)":[150],"assist":[152],"developers":[153],"inferring":[155],"real":[159],"world.":[160],"We":[161],"systematically":[162],"evaluate":[163],"large":[167],"amount":[168],"source":[170],"from":[172],"GitHub":[173],"Stack":[175],"Overflow,":[176],"explore":[178],"its":[179,194,233],"generalization":[180],"hybrid":[182],"capability.":[183],"The":[184],"results":[185],"validate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"design":[192],"applicability":[195],"they":[202],"can":[203,213],"be":[204,215],"easily":[205],"extended":[206],"different":[208],"programming":[209],"languages":[210],"(PL).":[211],"also":[214],"used":[216],"generate":[218],"PL-hybrid":[220],"inference":[222,238],"model":[223],"providing":[225],"one-for-all":[227],"solution.":[228],"As":[229],"first":[231],"kind,":[234],"our":[235],"method":[239],"opens":[240],"door":[242],"many":[244],"innovative":[245],"ways":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
