{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386136237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168","title":"Faire: Repairing Fairness of Neural Networks via Neuron Condition Synthesis","display_name":"Faire: Repairing Fairness of Neural Networks via Neuron Condition Synthesis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386136237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101674538","display_name":"Tianlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084396416","display_name":"Xiaofei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-6502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768936","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-3709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026239594","display_name":"Qing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHPC and CFAR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHPC and CFAR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014870180","display_name":"Aishan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aishan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-1318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468661","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-2420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada and The University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-2420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada and The University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974","https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China, and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China, and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101674538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3194,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90676504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8360390663146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.6218365430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.5493764281272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5425991415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4455382525920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.43488383293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4226910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3965943455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.33950549364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23403361439704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08053374290466309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8360390663146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.6218365430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.5493764281272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5425991415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4455382525920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.43488383293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4226910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3965943455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33950549364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23403361439704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08053374290466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-9478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/8475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617168","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3617168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1143115650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2021-02549, RGPAS-2021-00034, DGECR-2021-00019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1958612786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-RP-2020-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3321578376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPAS-2021-00034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3882347383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4398550076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGECR-2021-00019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G478423709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-RP-2020-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5027370758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOET32020-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G515705901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-PhD-2021-08-022T","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6036235291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCRP25-P04-TAICeN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681470965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2021-02549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982717833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-GC-2023-008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdtdd95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323346","display_name":"B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00d0\u00e0o t\u1ea1o","ror":"https://ror.org/00drv3378"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386136237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386136237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2462906003","https://openalex.org/W2518136680","https://openalex.org/W2730550703","https://openalex.org/W2765982206","https://openalex.org/W2798626461","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2809701591","https://openalex.org/W2905631704","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2964151070","https://openalex.org/W2967682612","https://openalex.org/W2990751682","https://openalex.org/W2991526369","https://openalex.org/W2999691867","https://openalex.org/W3001553940","https://openalex.org/W3002398329","https://openalex.org/W3034700241","https://openalex.org/W3036799312","https://openalex.org/W3082949018","https://openalex.org/W3090119274","https://openalex.org/W3090943961","https://openalex.org/W3097489012","https://openalex.org/W3099610985","https://openalex.org/W3105507623","https://openalex.org/W3113162324","https://openalex.org/W3168398407","https://openalex.org/W3169232032","https://openalex.org/W3179976352","https://openalex.org/W4210455774","https://openalex.org/W4287753323","https://openalex.org/W4288287305","https://openalex.org/W4288404646","https://openalex.org/W4384154513","https://openalex.org/W6718836005","https://openalex.org/W6765285020","https://openalex.org/W6912427866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006651773","https://openalex.org/W2027050655","https://openalex.org/W3028244590","https://openalex.org/W2014369232","https://openalex.org/W2050078012","https://openalex.org/W4379116102","https://openalex.org/W3210882018","https://openalex.org/W2970990331","https://openalex.org/W3207178610","https://openalex.org/W3211782752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4,108],"achieved":[5],"tremendous":[6],"success":[7],"in":[8,85,98,103,262],"many":[9],"applications,":[10],"while":[11],"it":[12,238],"has":[13],"been":[14,109],"demonstrated":[15],"that":[16,118,199,250,309,326,374],"DNNs":[17,56,99,128],"can":[18,251,377],"exhibit":[19],"some":[20,48,105],"undesirable":[21],"behaviors":[22,75],"on":[23,140,142],"concerns":[24],"such":[25,131],"as":[26,286],"robustness,":[27],"privacy,":[28],"and":[29,53,68,72,158,173,217,236,272,292,323,358,379],"other":[30,356],"trustworthiness":[31],"issues.":[32],"Among":[33],"them,":[34],"fairness":[35,177],"(i.e.,":[36,116,316,333],"non-discrimination)":[37],"is":[38,80,133,191,211,300],"one":[39],"important":[40],"property,":[41],"especially":[42],"when":[43],"they":[44],"are":[45,310,327],"applied":[46],"to":[47,111,126,171,212,231,258,278,289,306,320,337,350],"sensitive":[49,86],"applications":[50,87],"(e.g.,":[51,64,185],"finance":[52],"employment).":[54],"However,":[55,124],"easily":[57],"learn":[58],"spurious":[59],"correlations":[60],"between":[61],"protected":[62,260,290,314,321],"attributes":[63,261,291],"age,":[65],"gender,":[66],"race)":[67],"the":[69,77,113,160,168,176,194,214,219,233,248,253,259,263,269,274,313,330,342,359,382,387],"classification":[70],"task":[71],"develop":[73],"discriminatory":[74,83,114,147,186,384],"if":[76],"training":[78],"data":[79,184],"imbalanced.":[81],"Such":[82],"decisions":[84],"would":[88],"introduce":[89],"severe":[90],"social":[91],"impacts.":[92],"To":[93,204],"expose":[94],"potential":[95],"discrimination":[96,121,132],"problems":[97],"before":[100],"putting":[101],"them":[102],"use,":[104],"testing":[106,151],"techniques":[107,137],"proposed":[110],"identify":[112,279],"instances":[115,117,148,385],"show":[119],"defined":[120],"1":[122],").":[123],"how":[125],"repair":[127,175,197,205,218,343,381],"after":[129,302],"detecting":[130],"still":[134],"challenging.":[135],"Existing":[136],"mainly":[138],"rely":[139],"retraining":[141],"a":[143,208,296],"large":[144],"number":[145],"of":[146,179,255,276,346,386],"generated":[149],"by":[150,193,222],"methods,":[152,357],"which":[153,354],"requires":[154],"huge":[155],"time":[156],"overhead":[157],"makes":[159],"repairing":[161,361],"inefficient.":[162],"In":[163,243,340],"this":[164,244],"work,":[165],"we":[166,229,246,266],"propose":[167],"method":[169,198,210],"Faire":[170,347],"effectively":[172,378],"efficiently":[174,380],"issues":[178],"DNNs,":[180,228],"without":[181],"using":[182],"additional":[183],"instances).":[187],"Our":[188],"basic":[189],"idea":[190],"inspired":[192],"traditional":[195,206],"program":[196,215,220],"synthesizes":[200],"proper":[201],"condition":[202,224,241,249,298],"checking.":[203,225,242],"programs,":[207],"typical":[209],"localize":[213],"defects":[216],"logic":[221,235],"adding":[223],"Similarly,":[226],"for":[227,312,329],"try":[230],"understand":[232],"unfair":[234],"reformulate":[237],"with":[239],"well-designed":[240],"article,":[245],"synthesize":[247],"reduce":[252],"effect":[254],"features":[256,287,315,318,332,335],"relevant":[257,288,319,336],"DNN.":[264],"Specifically,":[265],"first":[267],"perform":[268],"neuron-based":[270],"analysis":[271],"check":[273],"functionalities":[275],"neurons":[277,280,308,325],"whose":[281],"outputs":[282],"could":[283],"be":[284],"regarded":[285],"original":[293,338],"tasks.":[294],"Then":[295],"new":[297],"layer":[299,305],"added":[301],"each":[303],"hidden":[304],"penalize":[307],"accountable":[311,328],"intermediate":[317,334],"attributes)":[322],"promote":[324],"non-protected":[331],"tasks).":[339],"sum,":[341],"rate":[344],"2":[345],"reaches":[348],"up":[349],"more":[351,366],"than":[352,367],"99%,":[353],"outperforms":[355],"whole":[360],"process":[362],"only":[363],"takes":[364],"no":[365],"340":[368],"s.":[369],"The":[370],"evaluation":[371],"results":[372],"demonstrate":[373],"our":[375],"approach":[376],"individual":[383],"target":[388],"model.":[389]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
