{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387337858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617023.3617045","title":"Helping Fact-Checkers Identify Fake News Stories Shared through Images on WhatsApp","display_name":"Helping Fact-Checkers Identify Fake News Stories Shared through Images on WhatsApp","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387337858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617023.3617045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617023.3617045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617023.3617045","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077142904","display_name":"J\u00falio C. S. Reis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146165071","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa","ror":"https://ror.org/0409dgb37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146165071"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julio C. S. Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146165071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019655566","display_name":"Philipe Melo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146165071","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa","ror":"https://ror.org/0409dgb37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146165071"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipe Melo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146165071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041484427","display_name":"Fabiano Bel\u00e9m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiano Bel\u00e9m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021734616","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Murai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-6381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Murai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084044470","display_name":"Jussara M. Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-2919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussara M. Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085054435","display_name":"Fabr\u00ed\u00adcio Benevenuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Benevenuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077142904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146165071"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94796675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7760015726089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6262433528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.5787869691848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination","display_name":"Dissemination","score":0.5118364691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newspaper","display_name":"Newspaper","score":0.49776557087898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.49024420976638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.47482046484947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.44245558977127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.42290887236595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4157596528530121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.389740914106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2458151876926422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.1974482238292694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.19316673278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15058118104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09557995200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09102162718772888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760015726089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6262433528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.5787869691848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101780184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840576","display_name":"Dissemination","level":2,"score":0.5118364691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.49776557087898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.49024420976638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.47482046484947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.44245558977127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42290887236595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4157596528530121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.389740914106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2458151876926422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.1974482238292694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.19316673278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15058118104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09557995200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09102162718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3617023.3617045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3617023.3617045","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1119807432","https://openalex.org/W1532503642","https://openalex.org/W2114550641","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2251214593","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2410465342","https://openalex.org/W2782896998","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2810359804","https://openalex.org/W2888042761","https://openalex.org/W2911715381","https://openalex.org/W2911955562","https://openalex.org/W2941610399","https://openalex.org/W2944575651","https://openalex.org/W2953797152","https://openalex.org/W2954093511","https://openalex.org/W2955692055","https://openalex.org/W3000349003","https://openalex.org/W3021927925","https://openalex.org/W3036910473","https://openalex.org/W3036963250","https://openalex.org/W3094044550","https://openalex.org/W3203253100","https://openalex.org/W4246485105","https://openalex.org/W4307058635","https://openalex.org/W4312233396","https://openalex.org/W4362475844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W4388893791","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W2330246314","https://openalex.org/W2949522393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"news":[1,31,124,184,202],"outlets":[2],"have":[3,49],"largely":[4],"replaced":[5],"traditional":[6],"newspapers":[7],"and":[8,19,43,59,91,139],"television":[9],"as":[10,56,115],"the":[11,44,51,68,133,155,173,182,186,195,199],"primary":[12],"channels":[13],"for":[14,89,151,198],"information":[15],"consumption":[16],"in":[17,25,70,74,185],"Brazil,":[18],"WhatsApp":[20,93],"plays":[21],"a":[22,71,87,111,116,137,143],"crucial":[23],"role":[24],"this":[26,64,99,102,165],"context,":[27],"by":[28,83,169,194],"disseminating":[29],"specific":[30],"stories.":[32],"The":[33,78],"creation":[34],"of":[35,46,175,181,201],"large":[36],"public":[37],"chat":[38],"groups":[39],"with":[40],"numerous":[41],"users":[42],"ease":[45],"message":[47],"forwarding":[48],"made":[50],"app":[52],"popular":[53],"among":[54],"Brazilians":[55],"an":[57],"affordable":[58],"immediate":[60],"communication":[61],"alternative.":[62],"However,":[63],"has":[65,147],"also":[66],"put":[67],"platform":[69],"central":[72],"position":[73],"spreading":[75],"misinformation":[76],"campaigns.":[77],"platform\u2019s":[79],"closed":[80],"architecture,":[81],"protected":[82],"end-to-end":[84],"encryption,":[85],"poses":[86],"challenge":[88],"investigating":[90],"fact-checking":[92,120,196],"content,":[94],"hampering":[95],"efforts":[96],"to":[97,109,118,171,178,190,204],"combat":[98],"problem.":[100],"In":[101],"work,":[103],"we":[104,135],"explore":[105],"automatic":[106],"ranking-based":[107],"strategies":[108],"propose":[110],"\u201cfakeness":[112],"score\u201d":[113],"model":[114],"means":[117],"help":[119],"agencies":[121,197],"identify":[122,179],"fake":[123,183],"stories":[125,203],"shared":[126],"through":[127],"images":[128],"on":[129,132],"WhatsApp.":[130],"Based":[131],"results,":[134],"design":[136],"tool":[138,166],"integrate":[140],"it":[141],"into":[142],"real":[144],"system":[145],"that":[146,164],"been":[148],"used":[149],"extensively":[150],"monitoring":[152],"content":[153],"during":[154],"2018":[156],"Brazilian":[157],"general":[158],"election.":[159],"Our":[160],"experimental":[161],"evaluation":[162],"shows":[163],"can":[167],"reduce":[168],"up":[170],"40%":[172],"amount":[174],"effort":[176],"required":[177],"80%":[180],"data":[187],"when":[188],"compared":[189],"current":[191],"mechanisms":[192],"practiced":[193],"selection":[200],"be":[205],"checked.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
