{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388176890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615884.3629429","title":"A New Approach for Solving Location Routing Problems with Deep Reinforcement Learning of Emergency Medical Facility","display_name":"A New Approach for Solving Location Routing Problems with Deep Reinforcement Learning of Emergency Medical Facility","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388176890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615884.3629429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3615884.3629429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615884.3629429","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3615884.3629429","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Security Response using GIS 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3615884.3629429","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456654","display_name":"Shaohua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-9505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-9505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103089201","display_name":"Junyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9303-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9303-0713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045035223","display_name":"Haojian Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojian Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-1187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhenbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048194625","display_name":"Cheng Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3281-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3281-7904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019885025","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7106-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7106-8526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100456654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3406,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83824595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7916386723518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7012953162193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-location-problem","display_name":"Facility location problem","score":0.685512900352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5286453366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4788391590118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.4534572958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.4173647165298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37027987837791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18502897024154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12659502029418945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7916386723518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7012953162193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108005400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1305598","display_name":"Facility location problem","level":2,"score":0.685512900352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5286453366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4788391590118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4534572958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4173647165298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37027987837791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18502897024154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12659502029418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3615884.3629429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615884.3629429","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3615884.3629429","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Security Response using GIS 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3615884.3629429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615884.3629429","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3615884.3629429","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Security Response using GIS 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388176890.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388176890.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999071619","https://openalex.org/W2015737965","https://openalex.org/W2015754576","https://openalex.org/W2024938364","https://openalex.org/W2055539533","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2120930954","https://openalex.org/W2771342347","https://openalex.org/W2803946567","https://openalex.org/W2894776784","https://openalex.org/W2993732350","https://openalex.org/W3043415192","https://openalex.org/W4224213880","https://openalex.org/W4306847678","https://openalex.org/W4308290989","https://openalex.org/W6656766945","https://openalex.org/W6944955135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4247364272","https://openalex.org/W3133151256","https://openalex.org/W2132920749","https://openalex.org/W2101108574","https://openalex.org/W2157331354","https://openalex.org/W2626773395","https://openalex.org/W1575940985","https://openalex.org/W3131953714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Location":[1],"Routing":[2],"Problem":[3],"(LRP)":[4],"has":[5],"extensive":[6],"applications":[7],"in":[8,63,69,118,150,193,206],"emergency":[9],"medical":[10],"facility":[11,24,34,88,115,133,174],"selection.":[12],"It":[13,155],"involves":[14],"a":[15,27,45],"complex":[16],"spatial":[17,207],"optimization":[18,208],"problem":[19],"of":[20,29,59,147,202],"selecting":[21],"the":[22,38,57,70,75,81,83,113,119,123,131,145,198],"optimal":[23],"locations":[25,35,89,134,175],"from":[26,90],"set":[28],"demand":[30,92,110],"points":[31,93,107,111],"and":[32,36,80,108,164,176,184,200],"candidate":[33],"planning":[37,121],"most":[39],"efficient":[40],"routes.":[41],"This":[42,103],"study":[43],"introduces":[44],"two-stage":[46],"solution":[47],"approach":[48],"based":[49],"on":[50],"deep":[51,60,203],"reinforcement":[52,61,204],"learning,":[53],"which":[54],"fully":[55],"leverages":[56],"potential":[58,192],"learning":[62,205],"handling":[64],"sequential":[65],"decision":[66],"problems.":[67,154,209],"Firstly,":[68],"location":[71,152],"selection":[72],"stage,":[73,122],"through":[74],"interaction":[76],"between":[77],"an":[78],"agent":[79,84,124],"environment,":[82],"needs":[85],"to":[86,94,112,127,135,162],"choose":[87],"numerous":[91],"either":[95],"maximize":[96],"overall":[97,101,137],"profit":[98],"or":[99,140],"minimize":[100,136],"costs.":[102,141],"stage":[104],"determines":[105],"central":[106],"allocates":[109],"nearest":[114],"locations.":[116],"Subsequently,":[117],"route":[120,138,177],"decides":[125],"how":[126],"distribute":[128],"deliveries":[129],"among":[130],"pre-selected":[132],"length":[139],"Experimental":[142],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"this":[148,187],"method":[149,188],"addressing":[151],"routing":[153],"may":[156],"provide":[157],"valuable":[158],"support":[159],"for":[160,173],"responding":[161],"emergencies":[163],"disaster":[165],"events,":[166],"helping":[167],"decision-makers":[168],"make":[169],"more":[170],"intelligent":[171],"choices":[172],"planning,":[178],"ultimately":[179],"enhancing":[180],"service":[181],"response":[182],"speed":[183],"efficiency.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"holds":[189],"broad":[190],"application":[191],"other":[194],"domains,":[195],"further":[196],"advancing":[197],"development":[199],"utilization":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}