{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385950525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3614432","title":"VibHead: An Authentication Scheme for Smart Headsets through Vibration","display_name":"VibHead: An Authentication Scheme for Smart Headsets through Vibration","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385950525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3614432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3614432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3614432","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3614432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3614432","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019839230","display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100570099","display_name":"Jiayi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3468-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081110905","display_name":"Huan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045982340","display_name":"Dongxiao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-5981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038088018","display_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013564110","display_name":"Yiran Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019839230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9661349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8667683601379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6576051712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.546561598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5281538963317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4793544411659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4672562777996063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.46013253927230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43742191791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4098280072212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2636007070541382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8667683601379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6576051712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.546561598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5281538963317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4793544411659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4672562777996063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.46013253927230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43742191791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4098280072212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2636007070541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3614432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3614432","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3614432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3614432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3614432","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3614432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1423280369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1479536537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022LZH010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650911592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2088356945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072278 and 62172257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453370137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022HWYQ-040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2954701993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3371395175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022ZD02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4551766880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022LZH010, ZR2022ZD02 and 2022HWYQ-040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385950525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385950525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103075368","https://openalex.org/W2335819971","https://openalex.org/W2402069821","https://openalex.org/W2535970271","https://openalex.org/W2538172027","https://openalex.org/W2730482441","https://openalex.org/W2766717877","https://openalex.org/W2789713441","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2810135546","https://openalex.org/W2899383251","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2943320313","https://openalex.org/W2983060509","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3005789113","https://openalex.org/W3021574417","https://openalex.org/W3162266527","https://openalex.org/W3204594049","https://openalex.org/W3207924785","https://openalex.org/W3214722595","https://openalex.org/W3215995064","https://openalex.org/W4207048206","https://openalex.org/W4210866977","https://openalex.org/W4211190472","https://openalex.org/W4214886549","https://openalex.org/W4225129379","https://openalex.org/W4304142421","https://openalex.org/W4309472441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W2899790217","https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W4315621326","https://openalex.org/W2598865957","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W1983660090","https://openalex.org/W2123843216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2,29,73],"witnessed":[3],"the":[4,20,26,48,52,62,82,86,89,92,95,121,162,187,191,202,210,243],"fast":[5],"penetration":[6],"of":[7,25,88,94,114,164,245],"Virtual":[8],"Reality":[9,13],"(VR)":[10],"and":[11,22,47,228,264],"Augmented":[12],"(AR)":[14],"systems":[15,36],"into":[16],"our":[17,246],"daily":[18],"life,":[19],"security":[21],"privacy":[23],"issues":[24],"VR/AR":[27,35],"applications":[28],"been":[30,74],"attracting":[31],"considerable":[32],"attention.":[33],"Most":[34],"adopt":[37],"head-mounted":[38,63],"devices":[39,49,72],"(i.e.,":[40],"smart":[41,159,239],"headsets)":[42],"to":[43,77,119,146,181,208,242],"interact":[44],"with":[45,224,249],"users":[46,185],"usually":[50],"store":[51],"users\u2019":[53,122],"private":[54],"data.":[55],"Hence,":[56],"authentication":[57,67,97,155,199,260],"schemes":[58,68],"are":[59,206,233,266],"desired":[60],"for":[61,69,158,173],"devices.":[64,240],"Traditional":[65],"knowledge-based":[66,96],"general":[70],"personal":[71,238],"proved":[75],"vulnerable":[76],"shoulder-surfing":[78],"attacks,":[79],"especially":[80],"considering":[81],"headsets":[83,140],"may":[84,133],"block":[85],"sight":[87],"users.":[90,147],"Although":[91],"robustness":[93],"can":[98],"be":[99,136],"improved":[100],"by":[101],"designing":[102],"complicated":[103],"secret":[104],"codes":[105],"in":[106,138,236],"virtual":[107],"space,":[108],"this":[109,149],"approach":[110],"induces":[111],"a":[112,153,178,197,220,225],"compromise":[113],"usability.":[115],"Another":[116],"choice":[117],"is":[118],"leverage":[120],"biometrics;":[123],"however,":[124],"it":[125],"either":[126],"relies":[127],"on":[128,219],"highly":[129],"advanced":[130],"equipments":[131],"which":[132,232],"not":[134],"always":[135],"available":[137],"commercial":[139],"or":[141],"introduce":[142],"heavy":[143],"cognitive":[144],"load":[145],"In":[148],"paper,":[150],"we":[151],"propose":[152],"vibration-based":[154],"scheme,":[156],"VibHead,":[157],"headsets.":[160],"Since":[161],"propagation":[163],"vibration":[165,192,251],"signals":[166,252],"through":[167],"human":[168],"heads":[169],"presents":[170],"unique":[171],"patterns":[172],"different":[174],"individuals,":[175],"VibHead":[176,218,256],"employs":[177],"CNN-based":[179],"model":[180],"classify":[182],"registered":[183],"legitimate":[184,211],"based":[186],"features":[188],"extracted":[189],"from":[190,213],"signals.":[193],"We":[194,216],"also":[195],"design":[196],"two-step":[198],"scheme":[200],"where":[201],"above":[203],"user":[204,212],"classifiers":[205],"utilized":[207],"distinguish":[209],"illegitimate":[214],"ones.":[215],"implement":[217],"Microsoft":[221],"HoloLens":[222],"equipped":[223],"linear":[226],"motor":[227],"an":[229,258],"IMU":[230],"sensor":[231],"commonly":[234],"used":[235],"off-the-shelf":[237],"According":[241],"results":[244],"extensive":[247],"experiments,":[248],"short":[250],"(\u2264":[253],"1s":[254],"),":[255],"has":[257],"outstanding":[259],"accuracy;":[261],"both":[262],"FAR":[263],"FRR":[265],"around":[267],"5%.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}