{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392736453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642747","title":"Time2Stop: Adaptive and Explainable Human-AI Loop for Smartphone Overuse Intervention","display_name":"Time2Stop: Adaptive and Explainable Human-AI Loop for Smartphone Overuse Intervention","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392736453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073137941","display_name":"Adiba Orzikulova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4085-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adiba Orzikulova","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Korea, Republic of"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Korea, Republic of","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038381904","display_name":"Xiao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1708-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039269084","display_name":"Zhipeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-0176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055104105","display_name":"Yukang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605902","display_name":"Yuntao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-8893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057896400","display_name":"Yuanchun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070063054","display_name":"Marzyeh Ghassemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6349-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marzyeh Ghassemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101948265","display_name":"Sung-Ju Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-2126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Ju Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Korea, Republic of"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Korea, Republic of","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032134965","display_name":"Anind K. Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anind K Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School, University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School, University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066796307","display_name":"Xuhai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073137941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98878366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","score":0.7216594815254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.6164019703865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5931704640388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.5348049402236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24303945899009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2381971776485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.0657254159450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06333202123641968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.7216594815254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6164019703865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5931704640388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5348049402236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24303945899009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2381971776485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0657254159450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06333202123641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.05584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05584","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/155191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/155191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392736453.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977835193","https://openalex.org/W2000190467","https://openalex.org/W2014383590","https://openalex.org/W2037646636","https://openalex.org/W2055101333","https://openalex.org/W2071802076","https://openalex.org/W2078074240","https://openalex.org/W2108367658","https://openalex.org/W2117046315","https://openalex.org/W2134699024","https://openalex.org/W2135136291","https://openalex.org/W2137978397","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2152771265","https://openalex.org/W2155002669","https://openalex.org/W2188426035","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2398012670","https://openalex.org/W2400526174","https://openalex.org/W2523153599","https://openalex.org/W2752332392","https://openalex.org/W2754273302","https://openalex.org/W2781484749","https://openalex.org/W2790505917","https://openalex.org/W2899035333","https://openalex.org/W2913841425","https://openalex.org/W2940771551","https://openalex.org/W2940831219","https://openalex.org/W2972890723","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2983307807","https://openalex.org/W2995559411","https://openalex.org/W3011199275","https://openalex.org/W3011692665","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3041420828","https://openalex.org/W3096108102","https://openalex.org/W3125273512","https://openalex.org/W3139060292","https://openalex.org/W3159575826","https://openalex.org/W3161716283","https://openalex.org/W3174527358","https://openalex.org/W3206575202","https://openalex.org/W3208949549","https://openalex.org/W4220783478","https://openalex.org/W4225103181","https://openalex.org/W4225164728","https://openalex.org/W4243713269","https://openalex.org/W4281779609","https://openalex.org/W4285778429","https://openalex.org/W4288359830","https://openalex.org/W4306175908","https://openalex.org/W4308613145","https://openalex.org/W4366003124","https://openalex.org/W4366596321","https://openalex.org/W4380355146","https://openalex.org/W4387344928","https://openalex.org/W4391420999","https://openalex.org/W4396832059","https://openalex.org/W4401161039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W24774503","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4288099294","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W4367173559","https://openalex.org/W2902961658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"a":[1,52,171],"rich":[2],"history":[3],"of":[4,73,80,157],"investigating":[5],"smartphone":[6],"overuse":[7,17],"intervention":[8,13,38,58,95,151],"techniques,":[9],"AI-based":[10],"just-in-time":[11],"adaptive":[12,87,143],"(JITAI)":[14],"methods":[15,93],"for":[16],"reduction":[18],"are":[19],"lacking.":[20],"We":[21,62,159],"develop":[22],"Time2Stop,":[23],"an":[24,64],"intelligent,":[25],"adaptive,":[26],"and":[27,46,55,77,99,112,116,145,155],"explainable":[28],"JITAI":[29,168],"system":[30,148],"that":[31,85],"leverages":[32],"machine":[33],"learning":[34],"to":[35,50,69,174],"identify":[36],"optimal":[37],"timings,":[39],"introduces":[40],"interventions":[41,144],"with":[42,170,176],"transparent":[43],"AI":[44],"explanations,":[45],"collects":[47],"user":[48],"feedback":[49],"establish":[51],"human-AI":[53,172],"loop":[54,173],"adapt":[56],"the":[57,71,75,91,108,142,147],"model":[59],"over":[60],"time.":[61],"conducted":[63],"8-week":[65],"field":[66],"experiment":[67],"(N=71)":[68],"evaluate":[70],"effectiveness":[72,109],"both":[74],"adaptation":[76],"explanation":[78],"aspects":[79],"Time2Stop.":[81],"Our":[82,132],"results":[83],"indicate":[84],"our":[86,161],"models":[88],"significantly":[89,121],"outperform":[90],"baseline":[92],"on":[94,114,150,167],"accuracy":[96,115],"(>32.8%":[97],"relatively)":[98],"receptivity":[100],"(>8.0%).":[101],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"incorporating":[104],"explanations":[105],"further":[106],"enhances":[107],"by":[110,128],"53.8%":[111],"11.4%":[113],"receptivity,":[117],"respectively.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"Time2Stop":[120],"reduces":[122],"overuse,":[123],"decreasing":[124],"app":[125],"visit":[126],"frequency":[127],"7.0":[129],"\u223c":[130],"8.9%.":[131],"subjective":[133],"data":[134],"also":[135],"echoed":[136],"these":[137],"quantitative":[138],"measures.":[139],"Participants":[140],"preferred":[141],"rated":[146],"highly":[149],"time":[152],"accuracy,":[153],"effectiveness,":[154],"level":[156],"trust.":[158],"envision":[160],"work":[162],"can":[163],"inspire":[164],"future":[165],"research":[166],"systems":[169],"evolve":[175],"users.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}