{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396833703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642703","title":"The Illusion of Artificial Inclusion","display_name":"The Illusion of Artificial Inclusion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396833703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642703","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642703","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642703","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011791808","display_name":"William S. Agnew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-554X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Agnew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-554X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031719232","display_name":"A. S. Bergman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-1357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Stevie Bergman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-1357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017110754","display_name":"Jennifer Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8768-1761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8768-1761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012652561","display_name":"Mark D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016317870","display_name":"Seliem El-Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-1136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seliem El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-1136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014727110","display_name":"Jaylen Pittman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaylen Pittman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-5922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084530286","display_name":"Shakir Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-5776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakir Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-5776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013841168","display_name":"Kevin R. McKee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-1686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin R. McKee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-1686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.9602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99546378,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.800856351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.7164497971534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.6414122581481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47831442952156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.44052332639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4366509020328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4354337453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.38998180627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3786899745464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3601204454898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3274597227573395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2557418942451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.20112740993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16683387756347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1423237919807434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.800856351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.7164497971534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6414122581481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47831442952156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.44052332639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4366509020328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4354337453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.38998180627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3786899745464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3601204454898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3274597227573395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2557418942451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20112740993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16683387756347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1423237919807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642703","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642703","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642703","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642703","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396833703.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85797161","https://openalex.org/W1119960297","https://openalex.org/W1488078037","https://openalex.org/W1497532648","https://openalex.org/W1559230423","https://openalex.org/W1596231206","https://openalex.org/W1665973413","https://openalex.org/W1902040647","https://openalex.org/W1964157254","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2008251417","https://openalex.org/W2017946173","https://openalex.org/W2018947334","https://openalex.org/W2028576790","https://openalex.org/W2031485595","https://openalex.org/W2043449435","https://openalex.org/W2055705973","https://openalex.org/W2061433995","https://openalex.org/W2069818276","https://openalex.org/W2072650077","https://openalex.org/W2083277050","https://openalex.org/W2086585459","https://openalex.org/W2089358714","https://openalex.org/W2117437714","https://openalex.org/W2124928641","https://openalex.org/W2125292601","https://openalex.org/W2144130856","https://openalex.org/W2166826583","https://openalex.org/W2171253509","https://openalex.org/W2171823781","https://openalex.org/W2268421884","https://openalex.org/W2315125695","https://openalex.org/W2319001106","https://openalex.org/W2363947341","https://openalex.org/W2408544708","https://openalex.org/W2512108267","https://openalex.org/W2563668739","https://openalex.org/W2565427354","https://openalex.org/W2744170396","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2795682804","https://openalex.org/W2795722133","https://openalex.org/W2885623676","https://openalex.org/W2896464184","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2998048923","https://openalex.org/W3020730036","https://openalex.org/W3028443084","https://openalex.org/W3091176223","https://openalex.org/W3092124192","https://openalex.org/W3118813946","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3133893548","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3161947065","https://openalex.org/W3171896931","https://openalex.org/W3173465197","https://openalex.org/W3174220540","https://openalex.org/W3177219738","https://openalex.org/W3184144760","https://openalex.org/W3185692625","https://openalex.org/W3202773593","https://openalex.org/W4205737716","https://openalex.org/W4212938735","https://openalex.org/W4220889970","https://openalex.org/W4225134894","https://openalex.org/W4225323055","https://openalex.org/W4226510082","https://openalex.org/W4250088285","https://openalex.org/W4283170666","https://openalex.org/W4285289154","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4294839988","https://openalex.org/W4296405185","https://openalex.org/W4299568369","https://openalex.org/W4301175562","https://openalex.org/W4307475457","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4321455981","https://openalex.org/W4365799834","https://openalex.org/W4366549000","https://openalex.org/W4366594543","https://openalex.org/W4380319885","https://openalex.org/W4380357773","https://openalex.org/W4380362581","https://openalex.org/W4384662964","https://openalex.org/W4385571232","https://openalex.org/W4386498794","https://openalex.org/W4387801424","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6950338373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185163327","https://openalex.org/W3045822873","https://openalex.org/W4308077397","https://openalex.org/W1522055934","https://openalex.org/W2997729144","https://openalex.org/W2189264121","https://openalex.org/W4390315886","https://openalex.org/W2945960104","https://openalex.org/W4285301380","https://openalex.org/W4281645623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"participants":[1,37,60],"play":[2],"a":[3],"central":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,15,19,24,38],"the":[7,32,53,70,83,92,120],"development":[8,88],"of":[9,34,73,85,94,107],"modern":[10,62],"artificial":[11],"intelligence":[12],"(AI)":[13],"technology,":[14],"psychological":[16],"science,":[17],"and":[18,56,87,90,101,114,122,138],"user":[20],"research.":[21],"Recent":[22],"advances":[23],"generative":[25,63],"AI":[26,42],"have":[27],"attracted":[28],"growing":[29],"interest":[30],"to":[31,50,127],"possibility":[33],"replacing":[35],"human":[36,59,110,125],"these":[39,74,98],"domains":[40],"with":[41,61,104,109],"surrogates.":[43],"We":[44],"survey":[45],"several":[46],"such":[47,80],"\u201csubstitution":[48],"proposals\u201d":[49],"better":[51],"understand":[52],"arguments":[54],"for":[55,132],"against":[57],"substituting":[58],"AI.":[64],"Our":[65],"scoping":[66],"review":[67],"indicates":[68],"that":[69,135],"recent":[71],"wave":[72],"proposals":[75,99],"is":[76],"motivated":[77],"by":[78],"goals":[79,123],"as":[81],"reducing":[82],"costs":[84],"research":[86],"work":[89,108,134],"increasing":[91],"diversity":[93],"collected":[95],"data.":[96],"However,":[97],"ignore":[100],"ultimately":[102],"conflict":[103],"foundational":[105],"values":[106],"participants:":[111],"representation,":[112],"inclusion,":[113],"understanding.":[115],"This":[116],"paper":[117],"critically":[118],"examines":[119],"principles":[121],"underlying":[124],"participation":[126],"help":[128],"chart":[129],"out":[130],"paths":[131],"future":[133],"truly":[136],"centers":[137],"empowers":[139],"participants.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}