{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396832043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596","title":"Is Stack Overflow Obsolete? An Empirical Study of the Characteristics of ChatGPT Answers to Stack Overflow Questions","display_name":"Is Stack Overflow Obsolete? An Empirical Study of the Characteristics of ChatGPT Answers to Stack Overflow Questions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396832043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642596","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642596","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101539374","display_name":"Samia Kabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-3800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samia Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-3800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097902230","display_name":"David N. Udo-Imeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-607X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David N. Udo-Imeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-607X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085704677","display_name":"Bonan Kou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonan Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-8522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437453","display_name":"Tianyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-9347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Purdue University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-9347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Purdue University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.0482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99685017,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8598053455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7965146899223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7849313020706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6686311960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5571554899215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.495267778635025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.4186602532863617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4027838706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3800790011882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3558271527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30303966999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20808273553848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1678263545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12616440653800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10302332043647766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8598053455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7965146899223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7849313020706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6686311960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5571554899215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.495267778635025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4186602532863617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4027838706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3800790011882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3558271527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30303966999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20808273553848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1678263545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12616440653800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10302332043647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642596","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642596","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396832043.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81685006","https://openalex.org/W86773645","https://openalex.org/W1974311367","https://openalex.org/W1999484828","https://openalex.org/W2051204868","https://openalex.org/W2099769844","https://openalex.org/W2123246351","https://openalex.org/W2130470842","https://openalex.org/W2143040155","https://openalex.org/W2154706669","https://openalex.org/W2168970028","https://openalex.org/W2516621648","https://openalex.org/W2545778708","https://openalex.org/W2603990485","https://openalex.org/W2755664959","https://openalex.org/W2759820691","https://openalex.org/W2899024559","https://openalex.org/W2947681066","https://openalex.org/W2963921594","https://openalex.org/W2972535098","https://openalex.org/W2986218565","https://openalex.org/W3034723486","https://openalex.org/W3048848247","https://openalex.org/W3100258764","https://openalex.org/W3115151495","https://openalex.org/W3121596465","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3136197710","https://openalex.org/W3202712981","https://openalex.org/W4220800320","https://openalex.org/W4225108562","https://openalex.org/W4230081186","https://openalex.org/W4246606684","https://openalex.org/W4284672755","https://openalex.org/W4288058238","https://openalex.org/W4296978576","https://openalex.org/W4301393026","https://openalex.org/W4312647410","https://openalex.org/W4312763760","https://openalex.org/W4313294616","https://openalex.org/W4318159335","https://openalex.org/W4321013654","https://openalex.org/W4323037774","https://openalex.org/W4361958950","https://openalex.org/W4362659486","https://openalex.org/W4366588626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4283459170","https://openalex.org/W4220949352","https://openalex.org/W4229014887","https://openalex.org/W4229067106","https://openalex.org/W3087250444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Q&A":[0],"platforms":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3,29],"crucial":[4],"for":[5],"the":[6,13,33,43,47,63,87,123,137,140,145,149,164],"online":[7],"help-seeking":[8],"behavior":[9],"of":[10,16,35,51,69,89,102,122,144,163],"programmers.":[11],"However,":[12,133],"recent":[14],"popularity":[15],"ChatGPT":[17,52,70,90,103,119,141,155],"is":[18],"altering":[19],"this":[20,23],"trend.":[21],"Despite":[22],"popularity,":[24],"no":[25],"comprehensive":[26],"study":[27,115],"has":[28],"conducted":[30,46,74],"to":[31,38,54,85,126,151,157],"evaluate":[32],"characteristics":[34,88],"ChatGPT\u2019s":[36],"answers":[37,53,91,104,120,142,156],"programming":[39,56,158],"questions.":[40],"To":[41],"bridge":[42],"gap,":[44],"we":[45,73],"first":[48],"in-depth":[49],"analysis":[50,98],"517":[55],"questions":[57,159],"on":[58],"Stack":[59],"Overflow":[60],"and":[61,67,94,108,129,160],"examined":[62],"correctness,":[64],"consistency,":[65],"comprehensiveness,":[66],"conciseness":[68],"answers.":[71,170],"Furthermore,":[72],"a":[75,82],"large-scale":[76],"linguistic":[77,93],"analysis,":[78],"as":[79,81],"well":[80],"user":[83,114],"study,":[84],"understand":[86],"from":[92],"human":[95],"aspects.":[96],"Our":[97],"shows":[99],"that":[100],"52%":[101],"contain":[105],"incorrect":[106],"information":[107],"77%":[109],"are":[110],"verbose.":[111],"Nonetheless,":[112],"our":[113],"participants":[116],"still":[117],"preferred":[118],"35%":[121],"time":[124],"due":[125],"their":[127],"comprehensiveness":[128],"well-articulated":[130],"language":[131],"style.":[132],"they":[134],"also":[135],"overlooked":[136],"misinformation":[138,153],"in":[139,154],"39%":[143],"time.":[146],"This":[147],"implies":[148],"need":[150],"counter":[152],"raise":[161],"awareness":[162],"risks":[165],"associated":[166],"with":[167],"seemingly":[168],"correct":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}