{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392736278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642428","title":"HILL: A Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models","display_name":"HILL: A Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392736278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642428","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049343851","display_name":"Florian Leiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-0493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Leiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001188927","display_name":"Sven Eckhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-8408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Eckhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094134647","display_name":"Valentin Leuthe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8938-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentin Leuthe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008742165","display_name":"Merlin Knaeble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-4609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merlin Knaeble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080792995","display_name":"Alexander Maedche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-4816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander M\u00e4dche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059353526","display_name":"Gerhard Schwabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Schwabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058513170","display_name":"Ali Sunyaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sunyaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049343851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99453547,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wizard","display_name":"Wizard","score":0.6962512135505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.6732596158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wizard-of-oz","display_name":"Wizard of oz","score":0.6671156883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6274967789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.601844072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5722267627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.47428399324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.37726932764053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37704145908355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3741629719734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3660126328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34906041622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22061288356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1272059977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0827665627002716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580334","display_name":"Wizard","level":2,"score":0.6962512135505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.6732596158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18159725","display_name":"Wizard of oz","level":2,"score":0.6671156883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274967789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.601844072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5722267627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.47428399324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37726932764053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37704145908355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3741629719734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3660126328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34906041622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22061288356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1272059977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0827665627002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642428","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.06710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06710","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.06710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-264258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613904.3642428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613904.3642428","source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392736278.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2014843353","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2056561350","https://openalex.org/W2086673082","https://openalex.org/W2131799829","https://openalex.org/W2158607384","https://openalex.org/W2791081941","https://openalex.org/W2896215772","https://openalex.org/W2909224716","https://openalex.org/W3006087551","https://openalex.org/W3013160799","https://openalex.org/W3090117266","https://openalex.org/W3099474967","https://openalex.org/W3112689365","https://openalex.org/W3172669006","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4360991389","https://openalex.org/W4366548330","https://openalex.org/W4367365458","https://openalex.org/W4375949262","https://openalex.org/W4385231746","https://openalex.org/W4386041250","https://openalex.org/W4386128600","https://openalex.org/W4410280899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246078203","https://openalex.org/W659328528","https://openalex.org/W1550648368","https://openalex.org/W2127135847","https://openalex.org/W603474643","https://openalex.org/W2152818631","https://openalex.org/W1545061903","https://openalex.org/W1504394863","https://openalex.org/W2757160751","https://openalex.org/W3204363446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0,43],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4],"prone":[5],"to":[6,16,26,86,115,129],"hallucinations,":[7],"i.e.,":[8],"nonsensical,":[9],"unfaithful,":[10],"and":[11,20,28,72,95,106,132],"undesirable":[12],"text.":[13],"Users":[14],"tend":[15],"overrely":[17],"on":[18,67,90],"LLMs":[19,131],"corresponding":[21],"hallucinations":[22,88,108],"which":[23,112],"can":[24,103],"lead":[25],"misinterpretations":[27],"errors.":[29],"To":[30],"tackle":[31],"the":[32,39,68,134],"problem":[33],"of":[34,56,136,139],"overreliance,":[35],"we":[36,47,63,82,124],"propose":[37,125],"HILL,":[38],"\"Hallucination":[40],"Identifier":[41],"for":[42,51],"Language":[44],"Models\".":[45],"First,":[46],"identified":[48,69],"design":[49,70,76],"features":[50,71],"HILL":[52,65,102],"with":[53,59,119],"a":[54],"Wizard":[55],"Oz":[57],"approach":[58],"nine":[60],"participants.":[61,80],"Subsequently,":[62],"implemented":[64],"based":[66,89],"evaluated":[73],"HILL\u2019s":[74,84],"interface":[75],"by":[77],"surveying":[78],"17":[79],"Further,":[81],"investigated":[83],"functionality":[85],"identify":[87,105],"an":[91,126],"existing":[92,130],"question-answering":[93],"dataset":[94],"five":[96],"user":[97],"interviews.":[98],"We":[99],"find":[100],"that":[101],"correctly":[104],"highlight":[107],"in":[109],"LLM":[110,117],"responses":[111,118],"enables":[113],"users":[114],"handle":[116],"more":[120],"caution.":[121],"With":[122],"that,":[123],"easy-to-implement":[127],"adaptation":[128],"demonstrate":[133],"relevance":[135],"user-centered":[137],"designs":[138],"AI":[140],"artifacts.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}