{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389476371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613424.3623787","title":"SUSHI: Ultra-High-Speed and Ultra-Low-Power Neuromorphic Chip Using Superconducting Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits","display_name":"SUSHI: Ultra-High-Speed and Ultra-Low-Power Neuromorphic Chip Using Superconducting Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389476371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613424.3623787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613424.3623787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613424.3623787","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613424.3623787","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613424.3623787","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087941369","display_name":"Zeshi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7683-3023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeshi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102987232","display_name":"Shuo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-4453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021220863","display_name":"Pei-Yao Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyao Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103121737","display_name":"Huanli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4489-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021217642","display_name":"Minghui Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8298-4561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081917511","display_name":"Liliang Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-671X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liliang Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050133920","display_name":"Jie Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-7236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022574270","display_name":"Guang-Ming Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-3166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017918038","display_name":"Haihang You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9031-9430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087941369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74767404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"614","last_page":"627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9727963805198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6115708947181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5306186676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.476111501455307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46356070041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity","display_name":"Superconductivity","score":0.42086318135261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.41473913192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3515438437461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27746689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.27541568875312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22496554255485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18486490845680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10535091161727905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9727963805198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6115708947181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5306186676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.476111501455307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46356070041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.42086318135261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.41473913192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3515438437461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27746689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.27541568875312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22496554255485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18486490845680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10535091161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613424.3623787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613424.3623787","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613424.3623787","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3613424.3623787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3613424.3623787","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3613424.3623787","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8176783268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA18000000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524322419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18000000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389476371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389476371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1996336919","https://openalex.org/W1999514438","https://openalex.org/W2023094455","https://openalex.org/W2032049415","https://openalex.org/W2070992435","https://openalex.org/W2094747608","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119587409","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2206019357","https://openalex.org/W2240457090","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2511720826","https://openalex.org/W2561117457","https://openalex.org/W2562632496","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2791606710","https://openalex.org/W2804623533","https://openalex.org/W2919860476","https://openalex.org/W2952238370","https://openalex.org/W2952257392","https://openalex.org/W2966081953","https://openalex.org/W3102271837","https://openalex.org/W3102415306","https://openalex.org/W3102750118","https://openalex.org/W3103983447","https://openalex.org/W3111981343","https://openalex.org/W3137081440","https://openalex.org/W3190695173","https://openalex.org/W3198438376","https://openalex.org/W4230423086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2166309310","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W4387251107","https://openalex.org/W4214914769","https://openalex.org/W4283271085","https://openalex.org/W4317717548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"single-flux-quantum":[2],"(RSFQ)":[3],"superconducting":[4,27,60,66,76,93,128,154,166,196],"technology":[5,94],"is":[6,30,184],"highly":[7],"promising":[8],"due":[9,78],"to":[10,50,79,122,198],"its":[11],"ultra-high-speed":[12],"computation":[13],"with":[14,103],"ultra-low-power":[15],"consumption,":[16],"making":[17],"it":[18],"an":[19],"ideal":[20],"solution":[21],"for":[22,95],"the":[23,39,73,89,125,148,171,181,185,199,241],"post-Moore":[24],"era.":[25],"In":[26],"technology,":[28],"information":[29],"encoded":[31],"and":[32,83,136,139,146,152,159,227,246,250],"processed":[33],"based":[34,110],"on":[35,55,65,112,132,180,194],"pulses":[36,41],"that":[37,207],"resemble":[38],"neuronal":[40],"present":[42],"in":[43],"biological":[44],"neural":[45,178,189],"systems.":[46],"This":[47,114,237],"has":[48],"led":[49],"a":[51,105,161,176,195,215,228],"growing":[52],"research":[53,64],"focus":[54],"implementing":[56],"neuromorphic":[57,67,81,96,129,155,217,243],"processing":[58,68,218],"using":[59,92,165,208],"technology.":[61,168],"However,":[62],"current":[63],"does":[69],"not":[70],"fully":[71,123],"leverage":[72,124],"advantages":[74],"of":[75,91,127,150,163,175,188,201,220,231],"circuits":[77],"incomplete":[80],"design":[82,149],"approach.":[84],"Although":[85],"they":[86],"have":[87],"demonstrated":[88],"benefits":[90],"hardware,":[97],"their":[98],"designs":[99],"are":[100],"mostly":[101],"incomplete,":[102],"only":[104],"few":[106],"components":[107],"validated,":[108],"or":[109],"solely":[111],"simulation.":[113],"paper":[115],"presents":[116],"SUSHI":[117,164,213],"(Superconducting":[118],"neUromorphic":[119],"proceSsing":[120],"cHIp)":[121],"potential":[126],"processing.":[130],"Based":[131],"three":[133],"guiding":[134],"principles":[135],"our":[137,202],"architectural":[138],"methodological":[140],"designs,":[141],"we":[142],"address":[143],"existing":[144],"challenges":[145],"enables":[147],"verifiable":[151],"fabricable":[153],"chips.":[156],"We":[157],"fabricate":[158],"verify":[160],"chip":[162,197],"circuit":[167],"Successfully":[169],"obtaining":[170],"correct":[172],"inference":[173],"results":[174],"complete":[177],"network":[179],"chip,":[182],"this":[183],"first":[186],"instance":[187],"networks":[190],"being":[191],"completely":[192],"executed":[193],"best":[200],"knowledge.":[203],"Our":[204],"evaluation":[205],"shows":[206],"approximately":[209],"105":[210],"Josephson":[211],"junctions,":[212],"achieves":[214],"peak":[216],"performance":[219],"1,355":[221],"giga-synaptic":[222],"operations":[223],"per":[224,234],"second":[225],"(GSOPS)":[226],"power":[229,238],"efficiency":[230,239],"32,366":[232],"GSOPS":[233],"Watt":[235],"(GSOPS/W).":[236],"outperforms":[240],"state-of-the-art":[242],"chips":[244],"TrueNorth":[245],"Tianjic":[247],"by":[248],"81":[249],"50":[251],"times,":[252],"respectively.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
