{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387446326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611659.3617436","title":"Comparing Performance of Dry and Gel EEG Electrodes in VR using MI Paradigms","display_name":"Comparing Performance of Dry and Gel EEG Electrodes in VR using MI Paradigms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387446326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611659.3617436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611659.3617436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611659.3617436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013239314","display_name":"Mohammad Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-213X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-213X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076400970","display_name":"Alireza Farrokhi Nia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Farrokhi Nia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-0365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048757023","display_name":"Samantha Michalka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha W. Michalka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Olin College of Engineering, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-5295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Olin College of Engineering, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011765174","display_name":"Alexander Sumich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander L. Sumich","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-8442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050651715","display_name":"Burkhard W\u00fcensche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Wuensche","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-4118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021195349","display_name":"Mark Billinghurst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Billinghurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, The University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-6759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, The University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013239314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50003595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8559743165969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7951229810714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7927728891372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6661350131034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.6297325491905212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5178589820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5036582350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4495288133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.44793710112571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4396125078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33489102125167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10839992761611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10582485795021057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8559743165969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7951229810714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7927728891372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6661350131034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6297325491905212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5178589820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5036582350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4495288133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.44793710112571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4396125078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33489102125167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10839992761611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10582485795021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611659.3617436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611659.3617436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:50072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2752479987","https://openalex.org/W3001560880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain\u2013computer":[0],"interfaces":[1],"(BCIs)":[2],"are":[3],"an":[4],"emerging":[5],"technology":[6],"with":[7,51,81,100,114],"numerous":[8],"applications.":[9],"Electroencephalogram":[10],"(EEG)":[11],"motor":[12],"imagery":[13],"(MI)":[14],"is":[15],"among":[16],"the":[17,63,103],"most":[18],"common":[19],"BCI":[20],"paradigms":[21],"and":[22,70,78,89,116],"has":[23],"been":[24],"used":[25],"extensively":[26],"in":[27,66,98],"healthcare":[28],"applications":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"post-stroke":[32],"rehabilitation.":[33],"Using":[34],"a":[35,44,67],"Virtual":[36],"Reality":[37],"(VR)":[38],"game,":[39],"Push":[40],"Me,":[41],"we":[42],"conducted":[43],"pilot":[45],"study":[46],"to":[47,60],"compare":[48,72],"MI":[49,64,73],"accuracy":[50,74],"Gel":[52],"or":[53],"active-dry":[54],"EEG":[55,108],"electrodes.":[56],"The":[57,91],"motivation":[58],"was":[59],"(1)":[61],"investigate":[62],"paradigm":[65],"VR":[68],"environment":[69],"(2)":[71],"using":[75],"active":[76],"dry":[77,106],"gel":[79],"electrodes":[80],"different":[82],"Machine":[83],"Learning":[84],"(ML)":[85],"classifications":[86],"(SVM,":[87],"KNN":[88,117],"RF).":[90],"results":[92],"indicate":[93],"that":[94],"while":[95],"gel-based":[96],"electrodes,":[97],"combination":[99],"SVM,":[101],"achieved":[102,110],"highest":[104],"accuracy,":[105],"electrode":[107],"caps":[109],"similar":[111],"outcomes,":[112],"especially":[113],"SVM":[115],"models.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}