{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389159687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616370","title":"DeepRover: A Query-Efficient Blackbox Attack for Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"DeepRover: A Query-Efficient Blackbox Attack for Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389159687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905312","display_name":"Fuyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6560-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107247543","display_name":"Xinwen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-5424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311","https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468661","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-2420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan / University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan / University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974","https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065190767","display_name":"Jianjun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-4352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101905312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83755857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1384","last_page":"1394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8587056398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8429383039474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8301858901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.8224146366119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6208775639533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5823087096214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5090224742889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48554250597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.46331050992012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42579782009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.41763097047805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22326013445854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.18145504593849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.07738351821899414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8587056398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8429383039474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8301858901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.8224146366119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6208775639533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5823087096214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5090224742889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48554250597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.46331050992012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42579782009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.41763097047805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22326013445854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.18145504593849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.07738351821899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1069223013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304196372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1716091338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJMI20B8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338243","funder_display_name":"JST-Mirai Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3033334534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4167829354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23H033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4459464973","display_name":"Property-Driven Quality Assurance of Adversarial Robustness of Deep Neural Networks","funder_award_id":"23K11049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4636223006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5631267279","display_name":"\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8af8\u5b50\u5b66\u306e\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5784215521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6392761602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23H03372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7801773930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP21K11841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7813514814","display_name":"Constructing Integrated Development Environment for Highly Reliable Probabilistic Programs","funder_award_id":"21K11841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430481527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8751952918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JST-Mirai Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdtdd95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338243","display_name":"JST-Mirai Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2794609696","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2888824816","https://openalex.org/W2892430965","https://openalex.org/W2895097814","https://openalex.org/W2898868990","https://openalex.org/W2900153411","https://openalex.org/W2954629067","https://openalex.org/W2957311447","https://openalex.org/W2957905354","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963913218","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2968940383","https://openalex.org/W2999691867","https://openalex.org/W3101094684","https://openalex.org/W3105976275","https://openalex.org/W3106412272","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3108851260","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3169232032","https://openalex.org/W3188010467","https://openalex.org/W4224249875","https://openalex.org/W4382317969","https://openalex.org/W4384302781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W2997056298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,140],"networks":[2,141],"(DNNs)":[3],"achieved":[4],"a":[5,23,62,85,97,100,107,120,134,170],"significant":[6],"performance":[7],"breakthrough":[8],"over":[9],"the":[10,55,66,70,76,81,93,115],"past":[11],"decade":[12],"and":[13,47,91,153],"have":[14],"been":[15],"widely":[16],"adopted":[17],"in":[18,75,128,155],"various":[19],"industrial":[20],"domains.":[21],"However,":[22],"fundamental":[24],"problem":[25],"regarding":[26],"DNN":[27,63,121],"robustness":[28,94,109],"is":[29,52,84,122,150],"still":[30],"not":[31],"adequately":[32],"addressed,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35,104,165],"potentially":[36],"lead":[37],"to":[38,60,88,113],"many":[39],"quality":[40],"issues":[41],"after":[42],"deployment,":[43],"e.g.,":[44],"safety,":[45],"security,":[46],"reliability.":[48],"An":[49],"adversarial":[50,82,102,157,167],"attack":[51,83,103,137],"one":[53],"of":[54,72,96],"most":[56],"commonly":[57],"investigated":[58],"techniques":[59],"penetrate":[61],"by":[64],"misleading":[65],"DNN\u2019s":[67],"decision":[68],"through":[69],"generation":[71],"minor":[73],"perturbations":[74],"original":[77],"inputs.":[78],"More":[79],"importantly,":[80],"crucial":[86],"way":[87],"assess,":[89],"estimate,":[90],"understand":[92,114],"boundary":[95],"DNN.":[98],"Intuitively,":[99],"stronger":[101],"help":[105],"obtain":[106],"tighter":[108],"boundary,":[110],"allowing":[111],"us":[112],"potential":[116],"worst-case":[117],"scenario":[118],"when":[119],"deployed.":[123],"To":[124],"push":[125],"this":[126,129],"further,":[127],"paper,":[130],"we":[131],"propose":[132],"DeepRover,":[133],"fuzzing-based":[135],"blackbox":[136,161],"for":[138,143],"deep":[139],"used":[142],"image":[144],"classification.":[145],"We":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"DeepRover":[149,164],"more":[151],"effective":[152],"query-efficient":[154],"generating":[156],"examples":[158,168],"than":[159,173],"state-of-the-art":[160],"attacks.":[162],"Moreover,":[163],"find":[166],"at":[169],"finer-grained":[171],"level":[172],"other":[174],"approaches.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}