{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392652655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640644","title":"If [YourName] Can Code, So Can You! End-User Robot Programming For Non-Experts","display_name":"If [YourName] Can Code, So Can You! End-User Robot Programming For Non-Experts","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392652655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3610978.3640644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019104121","display_name":"Manasi Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manasi Swaminathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014766528","display_name":"Long-Jing Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-9436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long-Jing Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-9436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094116639","display_name":"Min Min Thant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1753-5251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Min Thant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1753-5251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085988902","display_name":"Kyrie Jig Amon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-2457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyrie Jig Amon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-2457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067848912","display_name":"Anna S. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5450-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5450-1129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020695132","display_name":"Katherine M. Tsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine M. Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070868769","display_name":"Selma \u0160abanovi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selma Sabanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-854X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003268415","display_name":"David Crandall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5827-5344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Crandall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5827-5344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082207083","display_name":"Weslie Khoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-1293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weslie Khoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-1293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019104121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93518033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1033","last_page":"1037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7129181623458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6935979723930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.6693483591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6361191272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6324395537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.51129150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.45297613739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4157913625240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3444671034812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.23453572392463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21122229099273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.2080461084842682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13936376571655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.09314599633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.062015533447265625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7129181623458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6935979723930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.6693483591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6361191272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6324395537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.51129150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.45297613739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4157913625240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3444671034812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.23453572392463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21122229099273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.2080461084842682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13936376571655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.09314599633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.062015533447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3610978.3640644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315934","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574237485","https://openalex.org/W2550647949","https://openalex.org/W2978385560","https://openalex.org/W3158716008","https://openalex.org/W3160278099","https://openalex.org/W3189587784","https://openalex.org/W3202316099","https://openalex.org/W3202764408","https://openalex.org/W3216448968","https://openalex.org/W4323536841","https://openalex.org/W4323537006","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4366548426","https://openalex.org/W4387372812","https://openalex.org/W4388182168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W1968552888","https://openalex.org/W2374116601","https://openalex.org/W3093134843","https://openalex.org/W1511346092","https://openalex.org/W1527532029","https://openalex.org/W2378167147","https://openalex.org/W3210777354","https://openalex.org/W1649706580","https://openalex.org/W3195608031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"robots":[1,20],"are":[2],"being":[3,43],"studied":[4],"for":[5],"a":[6,31,83,94],"wide":[7],"variety":[8],"of":[9,40],"user":[10],"populations,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"older":[14,58,71,110],"adults,":[15],"but":[16],"programming":[17,35,49,76,136],"these":[18],"social":[19,54],"typically":[21],"requires":[22],"deep":[23],"technical":[24],"knowledge.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"study,":[28],"we":[29,126],"developed":[30],"no-code":[32,133],"end-user":[33,134],"robot":[34,55,75,107,135],"interface,":[36],"with":[37,47,57,67,81,86,109],"the":[38,87,102,106,113,116,123],"goal":[39],"our":[41],"interface":[42,103,117],"to":[44,51,69,104,119,131],"empower":[45],"individuals":[46,66],"no":[48],"background":[50],"easily":[52],"create":[53],"interactions":[56],"adults":[59,70],"using":[60,93],"natural":[61],"language.":[62],"We":[63,89],"evaluated":[64],"five":[65],"connections":[68],"than":[72],"65":[73],"without":[74],"experience.":[77],"They":[78],"were":[79],"tasked":[80],"designing":[82],"simple":[84],"conversation":[85],"robot.":[88],"recorded":[90],"their":[91],"experiences":[92],"survey":[95],"and":[96,121],"found":[97,115],"that":[98],"participants":[99,114],"successfully":[100],"used":[101],"make":[105],"communicate":[108],"adults.":[111],"Overall,":[112],"easy":[118],"use":[120],"enjoyed":[122],"process.":[124],"Thus,":[125],"provide":[127],"recommendations":[128],"on":[129],"how":[130],"improve":[132],"interfaces":[137],"further.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}