{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385473956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610171","title":"\"Would I Feel More Secure With a Robot?\": Understanding Perceptions of Security Robots in Public Spaces","display_name":"\"Would I Feel More Secure With a Robot?\": Understanding Perceptions of Security Robots in Public Spaces","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385473956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3610171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610171","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3610171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3610171","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049520222","display_name":"Gabriela Marcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-5784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Marcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-5784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101864425","display_name":"Iris Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8276-5988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iris Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8276-5988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014178823","display_name":"Brandon Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2972-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brandon Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2972-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084955075","display_name":"Lionel Robert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel P. Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-2601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061205711","display_name":"Florian Schaub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-7155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Schaub","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-7155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95542476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"CSCW2","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.8308080434799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7930614948272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6055202484130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.5113134384155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4430962800979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4325975179672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4171290993690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.37622445821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3467486500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3425249457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2512102723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23820045590400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21397453546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1486472189426422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.8308080434799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7930614948272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6055202484130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5113134384155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4430962800979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4325975179672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4171290993690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37622445821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3467486500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3425249457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2512102723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23820045590400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21397453546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1486472189426422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3610171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610171","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3610171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/176362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/176362/1/Marcu%20et%20al.%202023%20%28Preprint%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/176362","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/192039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/192039/2/Marcu%20et%20al.%202023%20%28Published%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/192039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3610171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610171","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3610171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385473956.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385473956.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1626488140","https://openalex.org/W1638773224","https://openalex.org/W1977742635","https://openalex.org/W1998051757","https://openalex.org/W2018372581","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2036556776","https://openalex.org/W2051518919","https://openalex.org/W2074648094","https://openalex.org/W2093317922","https://openalex.org/W2101665212","https://openalex.org/W2110585328","https://openalex.org/W2123075928","https://openalex.org/W2129928382","https://openalex.org/W2159304307","https://openalex.org/W2160957486","https://openalex.org/W2161565097","https://openalex.org/W2162509261","https://openalex.org/W2347204792","https://openalex.org/W2501595437","https://openalex.org/W2528517087","https://openalex.org/W2562041925","https://openalex.org/W2562938470","https://openalex.org/W2591977925","https://openalex.org/W2592233846","https://openalex.org/W2594093535","https://openalex.org/W2606669158","https://openalex.org/W2611294851","https://openalex.org/W2624203283","https://openalex.org/W2766198284","https://openalex.org/W2766797239","https://openalex.org/W2791764960","https://openalex.org/W2915555085","https://openalex.org/W2922587475","https://openalex.org/W2990379228","https://openalex.org/W2996844929","https://openalex.org/W3009640428","https://openalex.org/W3029126588","https://openalex.org/W3030458629","https://openalex.org/W3087853290","https://openalex.org/W3111797179","https://openalex.org/W3130121279","https://openalex.org/W3194543980","https://openalex.org/W3196270322","https://openalex.org/W4200218975","https://openalex.org/W4211145030","https://openalex.org/W4214810323","https://openalex.org/W4225650003","https://openalex.org/W4233658437","https://openalex.org/W4252407247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robots":[0],"are":[1,102,168],"increasingly":[2],"being":[3],"deployed":[4],"as":[5,14],"security":[6,24,100,123,150,164,175,187],"agents":[7],"helping":[8],"law":[9],"enforcement":[10],"in":[11,45,61,76,93],"spaces":[12],"such":[13],"streets,":[15],"parks,":[16],"or":[17,109],"shopping":[18],"malls.":[19],"Unfortunately,":[20],"the":[21,34,62,77,94,107,139,159,172,183],"deployment":[22,80],"of":[23,52,82,96,112,122,163,174],"robots":[25,101,124],"is":[26,66,85],"not":[27,105],"without":[28,88],"problems":[29],"and":[30,79,98,130,161],"controversies.":[31],"For":[32],"example,":[33],"New":[35],"York":[36],"Police":[37],"Department":[38],"canceled":[39],"its":[40],"contract":[41],"with":[42],"Boston":[43],"Dynamics":[44],"response":[46],"to":[47,68,104,149,182],"backlash":[48],"from":[49,90],"their":[50],"use":[51,173],"Digidog,":[53],"an":[54],"autonomous":[55],"robotic":[56],"dog,":[57],"which":[58],"sparked":[59],"fears":[60],"public.":[63],"However,":[64],"it":[65],"unclear":[67],"what":[69],"extent":[70],"affected":[71],"communities":[72],"have":[73,157],"been":[74],"involved":[75],"design":[78,97],"process":[81],"robots.":[83,188],"This":[84],"problematic":[86],"because,":[87],"input":[89],"community":[91],"members":[92],"processes":[95],"deployment,":[99],"likely":[103],"satisfy":[106],"concerns":[108,131],"safety":[110],"needs":[111],"real":[113],"communities.":[114],"To":[115],"gain":[116],"deeper":[117],"insight":[118],"into":[119],"people's":[120,169],"perceptions":[121],"-":[125,132],"including":[126],"both":[127],"potential":[128],"benefits":[129],"we":[133],"conducted":[134],"17":[135],"semi-structured":[136],"interviews":[137],"addressing":[138],"following":[140],"research":[141],"questions:":[142],"RQ1.":[143],"What":[144,153,167],"characteristics":[145],"do":[146,155],"people":[147,156],"ascribe":[148],"robots?":[151,165,176],"RQ2.":[152],"expectations":[154],"about":[158],"function":[160],"role":[162],"RQ3.":[166],"attitudes":[170],"toward":[171],"Our":[177],"study":[178],"offers":[179],"several":[180],"contributions":[181],"existing":[184],"literature":[185],"on":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}