{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384822682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796","title":"Incorporating Structural Information into Legal Case Retrieval","display_name":"Incorporating Structural Information into Legal Case Retrieval","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384822682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009070227","display_name":"Yixiao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yixiao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041525078","display_name":"Yueyue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089655391","display_name":"Qingyao Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5030-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyao Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668121","display_name":"Yiqun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-4512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017827768","display_name":"Yunqiu Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqiu Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402996","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-1920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760812","display_name":"Shaoping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-8268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Internet Judiciary, Tsinghua University. Quan Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009070227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92144831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8295081853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.7397893667221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7246164679527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4890354573726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-case","display_name":"Legal case","score":0.47498220205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-retrieval","display_name":"Document retrieval","score":0.4481925368309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-document","display_name":"Legal document","score":0.43496960401535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42959365248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08525508642196655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8295081853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7397893667221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7246164679527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4890354573726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334719","display_name":"Legal case","level":2,"score":0.47498220205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.4481925368309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993995455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150005","display_name":"Legal document","level":2,"score":0.43496960401535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42959365248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08525508642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8427484615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1098292366","https://openalex.org/W1490053328","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1964940342","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W2005949547","https://openalex.org/W2116405309","https://openalex.org/W2116920598","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2151832869","https://openalex.org/W2163013692","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2593088329","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2858159822","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2911109671","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2955845608","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963240788","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2968795457","https://openalex.org/W2970125456","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2971330789","https://openalex.org/W2972234236","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2985331920","https://openalex.org/W3001873397","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W3017961061","https://openalex.org/W3034707327","https://openalex.org/W3102561203","https://openalex.org/W3123934242","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3153115806","https://openalex.org/W3153366754","https://openalex.org/W3156675557","https://openalex.org/W3156716744","https://openalex.org/W3156831596","https://openalex.org/W3158896659","https://openalex.org/W3170409640","https://openalex.org/W3173327529","https://openalex.org/W3177382889","https://openalex.org/W3180125285","https://openalex.org/W3209145439","https://openalex.org/W3210120707","https://openalex.org/W3214374241","https://openalex.org/W3215639742","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W4287235002","https://openalex.org/W4287812619","https://openalex.org/W4288350560","https://openalex.org/W4294622174","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4307713853","https://openalex.org/W4323654151","https://openalex.org/W4366999416","https://openalex.org/W6761628794","https://openalex.org/W6763355497","https://openalex.org/W6776048684","https://openalex.org/W6802852670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967370444","https://openalex.org/W2155090564","https://openalex.org/W4245959027","https://openalex.org/W4385760465","https://openalex.org/W3217649904","https://openalex.org/W3128725805","https://openalex.org/W3187391786","https://openalex.org/W4309532058","https://openalex.org/W3184563164","https://openalex.org/W4387251649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0,121],"case":[1,18,25,122,166,203,234,287,310],"retrieval":[2,15,19,43,280,288,324],"has":[3,20],"received":[4],"increasing":[5],"attention":[6],"in":[7,86,93,220,232],"recent":[8],"years.":[9],"However,":[10],"compared":[11],"to":[12,45,67,78,103,133,140,163,236,256,276,312],"ad":[13],"hoc":[14],"tasks,":[16],"legal":[17,33,88,112,146,158,222,286],"its":[21,52],"unique":[22],"challenges.":[23,138],"First,":[24],"documents":[26],"are":[27],"rather":[28],"lengthy":[29],"and":[30,50,129,273,303,322],"contain":[31],"complex":[32,54],"structures.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"it":[36],"is":[37,153],"difficult":[38],"for":[39],"most":[40],"existing":[41,58,297],"dense":[42],"models":[44],"encode":[46],"an":[47],"entire":[48],"document":[49,65,167,204],"capture":[51],"inherent":[53],"structure":[55],"information.":[56,212],"Most":[57],"methods":[59,101,187],"simply":[60],"truncate":[61],"part":[62],"of":[63,73,84,108,111,144,157,192,201,218,260,294],"the":[64,69,82,87,94,109,135,142,148,154,172,190,198,221,226,243,252,258,268,278,291,315],"content":[66,211],"meet":[68],"input":[70],"length":[71],"limit":[72],"PLMs,":[74],"which":[75,126,152],"will":[76],"lead":[77],"information":[79,132,255],"loss.":[80],"Additionally,":[81],"definition":[83],"relevance":[85,110,219],"domain":[89],"differs":[90],"from":[91,271],"that":[92],"general":[95],"domain.":[96],"Previous":[97],"semantic-based":[98],"or":[99],"lexical-based":[100],"fail":[102],"provide":[104],"a":[105,119,165,202,215,238,264,309],"comprehensive":[106],"understanding":[107,217],"cases.":[113,262],"In":[114,195],"this":[115,196],"article,":[116],"we":[117,224,307],"propose":[118],"Structured":[120],"Retrieval":[123],"(SLR)":[124],"framework,":[125],"incorporates":[127],"internal":[128,149,272],"external":[130,253,274],"structural":[131,150,254],"address":[134],"above":[136],"two":[137],"Specifically,":[139],"avoid":[141],"truncation":[143],"long":[145],"documents,":[147,159],"information,":[151],"organization":[155],"pattern":[156],"can":[160,181,205,248],"be":[161,206,249],"utilized":[162],"split":[164],"into":[168,177],"segments.":[169],"By":[170],"dividing":[171],"document-level":[173],"semantic":[174],"matching":[175],"task":[176],"segment-level":[178],"subtasks,":[179],"SLR":[180,295],"separately":[182],"process":[183],"segments":[184],"using":[185],"different":[186],"based":[188],"on":[189,284,319],"characteristic":[191],"each":[193],"segment.":[194],"way,":[197],"key":[199,320],"elements":[200,321],"highlighted":[207],"without":[208],"losing":[209],"other":[210],"Second,":[213],"toward":[214],"better":[216],"domain,":[223],"investigate":[225],"connections":[227],"between":[228,245],"criminal":[229,246],"charges":[230,247],"appearing":[231],"large-scale":[233],"corpus":[235],"generate":[237],"chargewise":[239],"relation":[240],"graph.":[241],"Then,":[242],"similarity":[244],"pre-computed":[250],"as":[251],"enhance":[257],"recognition":[259],"relevant":[261],"Finally,":[263],"learning-to-rank":[265],"algorithm":[266],"integrates":[267],"features":[269],"collected":[270],"structures":[275],"output":[277],"final":[279],"results.":[281],"Experimental":[282],"results":[283],"public":[285],"benchmarks":[289],"demonstrate":[290],"superior":[292],"effectiveness":[293],"over":[296],"state-of-the-art":[298],"baselines,":[299],"including":[300],"traditional":[301],"bag-of-words":[302],"neural-based":[304],"methods.":[305],"Furthermore,":[306],"conduct":[308],"study":[311],"visualize":[313],"how":[314],"proposed":[316],"model":[317],"focuses":[318],"improves":[323],"performance.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
