{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386580723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609121","title":"DaCapo: An On-Device Learning Scheme for Memory-Constrained Embedded Systems","display_name":"DaCapo: An On-Device Learning Scheme for Memory-Constrained Embedded Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386580723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101592360","display_name":"Osama Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0380-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0380-5678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017725911","display_name":"Gwanjong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7369-3949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwanjong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7369-3949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062665275","display_name":"Euiseong Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-8019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Euiseong Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-8019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75398737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5s","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8838990926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.8458224534988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6497114300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5795732736587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5779199600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5644058585166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49907445907592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4812867045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35048195719718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32841312885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.28928130865097046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8838990926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.8458224534988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6497114300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5795732736587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5779199600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5644058585166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49907445907592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4812867045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35048195719718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32841312885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28928130865097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1061103961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C200497612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107393775","https://openalex.org/W2091133661","https://openalex.org/W2098766654","https://openalex.org/W2113154117","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2338908902","https://openalex.org/W2423581336","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2608112326","https://openalex.org/W2737740651","https://openalex.org/W2896355201","https://openalex.org/W2912814679","https://openalex.org/W2947664806","https://openalex.org/W2950584248","https://openalex.org/W2963138728","https://openalex.org/W2970587001","https://openalex.org/W2988851551","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3093348380","https://openalex.org/W3094136258","https://openalex.org/W3095102311","https://openalex.org/W3096510650","https://openalex.org/W3100059486","https://openalex.org/W3130841421","https://openalex.org/W3158382199","https://openalex.org/W3178193590","https://openalex.org/W3199421948","https://openalex.org/W4213119020","https://openalex.org/W4229064837","https://openalex.org/W4283766928","https://openalex.org/W4287639545","https://openalex.org/W4293404878","https://openalex.org/W4312399099","https://openalex.org/W4365806412","https://openalex.org/W6703652217","https://openalex.org/W6767541031","https://openalex.org/W6797184042","https://openalex.org/W6838539104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W4239286941","https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W1966421350","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2351237654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,185],"use":[1,147],"of":[2,67,96,113,141,148,173,198,223,295],"deep":[3],"neural":[4],"network":[5],"(DNN)":[6],"applications":[7],"in":[8,21,78,84,164,179,196,215,232,243,275],"microcontroller":[9],"unit":[10],"(MCU)":[11],"embedded":[12,166],"systems":[13,23],"is":[14,81,116],"getting":[15],"popular.":[16],"However,":[17,57],"the":[18,31,42,47,52,58,65,72,103,111,139,142,146,171,183,193,204,210,216,224,229,235,240,293,298],"DNN":[19,253],"models":[20,144],"such":[22],"frequently":[24],"suffer":[25],"from":[26,192],"accuracy":[27],"loss":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,54,75,109,129,202,212,265,273,277,305],"dataset":[32],"shift":[33],"problem.":[34],"On-device":[35],"learning":[36,63,132,163,281],"resolves":[37],"this":[38],"problem":[39],"by":[40,263,271],"updating":[41],"model":[43,53],"parameters":[44],"on-site":[45],"with":[46,92,250],"real-world":[48],"data,":[49],"thus":[50,227],"localizing":[51],"its":[55],"surroundings.":[56],"backpropagation":[59,158,191,225,236,261],"step":[60],"during":[61,71,190],"on-device":[62,131,162],"requires":[64],"output":[66,112,172],"every":[68,114],"layer":[69,115],"computed":[70],"forward":[73],"pass":[74],"be":[76,213],"stored":[77,214,231],"memory.":[79],"This":[80,153],"usually":[82],"infeasible":[83],"MCU":[85,285,299],"devices":[86],"as":[87,177,234],"they":[88,137],"are":[89,188],"equipped":[90],"only":[91,170],"a":[93,125,157,220,279],"few":[94,126],"KBs":[95],"SRAM.":[97],"Given":[98],"their":[99],"energy":[100,269],"limitation":[101],"and":[102,181,226,247,267],"timeliness":[104],"requirements,":[105],"using":[106],"flash":[107],"memory":[108,135,233],"store":[110],"not":[117],"practical":[118],"either.":[119],"Although":[120],"there":[121],"have":[122],"been":[123,302],"proposed":[124,241,290],"research":[127],"results":[128],"enable":[130],"under":[133],"stringent":[134],"conditions,":[136],"require":[138],"modification":[140],"target":[143],"or":[145],"non-conventional":[149],"gradient":[150],"computation":[151],"strategies.":[152],"paper":[154],"proposes":[155],"DaCapo,":[156],"scheme":[159,242],"that":[160,258],"enables":[161],"memory-constrained":[165],"systems.":[167],"DaCapo":[168,207,259],"stores":[169],"certain":[174],"layers,":[175],"known":[176],"checkpoints,":[178],"SRAM,":[180],"discards":[182],"others.":[184],"discarded":[186],"outputs":[187],"recomputed":[189],"nearest":[194],"checkpoint":[195],"front":[197],"them.":[199],"In":[200,287],"order":[201],"minimize":[203],"recomputation":[205],"occurrences,":[206],"optimally":[208],"plans":[209],"checkpoints":[211,230],"SRAM":[217],"area":[218],"at":[219],"particular":[221],"phase":[222],"replaces":[228],"progresses.":[237],"We":[238],"implemented":[239],"an":[244],"STM32F429ZI":[245],"board":[246],"evaluated":[248],"it":[249],"five":[251],"representative":[252],"models.":[254],"Our":[255],"evaluation":[256],"showed":[257],"improved":[260],"time":[262],"up":[264,272],"22%":[266],"saved":[268],"consumption":[270],"28%":[274],"comparison":[276],"AIfES,":[278],"machine":[280],"platform":[282],"optimized":[283],"for":[284],"devices.":[286],"addition,":[288],"our":[289],"approach":[291],"enabled":[292],"training":[294],"MobileNet,":[296],"which":[297],"device":[300],"had":[301],"previously":[303],"unable":[304],"train.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}