{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386568813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609097","title":"GHOST: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator using Silicon Photonics","display_name":"GHOST: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator using Silicon Photonics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386568813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609097","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609097","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061200772","display_name":"Salma Afifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0376-8754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salma Afifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021492410","display_name":"Febin Sunny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-1465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Febin Sunny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079238626","display_name":"Amin Shafiee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-2370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Shafiee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039971454","display_name":"Mahdi Nikdast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-2985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Nikdast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018382547","display_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061200772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88687457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5s","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.837372899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5548360347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5318403244018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5210803747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4919438064098358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.4559285640716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4550829529762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4234706163406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4122687876224518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3775879740715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3600233197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34556517004966736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.837372899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5548360347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5318403244018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5210803747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4919438064098358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.4559285640716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4550829529762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4234706163406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4122687876224518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3775879740715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3600233197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34556517004966736}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609097","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609097","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2868230561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2876113171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1813370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8070001501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2006788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386568813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386568813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W2091382331","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2123855952","https://openalex.org/W2126273023","https://openalex.org/W2155589054","https://openalex.org/W2293759198","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2600072075","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2909205540","https://openalex.org/W2951136539","https://openalex.org/W2953491643","https://openalex.org/W2954910491","https://openalex.org/W2961513964","https://openalex.org/W2971933740","https://openalex.org/W2974096969","https://openalex.org/W2999537838","https://openalex.org/W3006586535","https://openalex.org/W3013686475","https://openalex.org/W3045613009","https://openalex.org/W3090369187","https://openalex.org/W3097233840","https://openalex.org/W3125252496","https://openalex.org/W3132510847","https://openalex.org/W3142625642","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3174630792","https://openalex.org/W3178796944","https://openalex.org/W3185735407","https://openalex.org/W3197256510","https://openalex.org/W3200864435","https://openalex.org/W4205540825","https://openalex.org/W4206037560","https://openalex.org/W4237383305","https://openalex.org/W4245659846","https://openalex.org/W4251123196","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4312077423","https://openalex.org/W4312457390","https://openalex.org/W4319663564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293118914","https://openalex.org/W2998381397","https://openalex.org/W4236419692","https://openalex.org/W3167919718","https://openalex.org/W4251718783","https://openalex.org/W2171015181","https://openalex.org/W4239447582","https://openalex.org/W2807127337","https://openalex.org/W1998888015","https://openalex.org/W1591308946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"neural":[1,54],"networks":[2,143],"(GNNs)":[3],"have":[4,19],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,29,140],"a":[7,46,76],"powerful":[8],"approach":[9,48],"for":[10,78,94,128],"modelling":[11],"and":[12,37,41,62,105,137,144,161,173],"learning":[13],"from":[14,23],"graph-structured":[15],"data.":[16],"Multiple":[17],"fields":[18],"since":[20],"benefitted":[21],"enormously":[22],"the":[24,59,89,99,111,120,129],"capabilities":[25],"of":[26,65,69,131],"GNNs,":[27],"such":[28,139],"recommendation":[30],"systems,":[31],"social":[32],"network":[33,55],"analysis,":[34],"drug":[35],"discovery,":[36],"robotics.":[38],"However,":[39],"accelerating":[40],"efficiently":[42,97],"processing":[43],"GNNs":[44,118],"require":[45],"unique":[47],"that":[49,152],"goes":[50],"beyond":[51],"conventional":[52],"artificial":[53],"accelerators,":[56],"due":[57],"to":[58,125,169],"substantial":[60],"computational":[61],"memory":[63],"requirements":[64],"GNNs.":[66,95],"The":[67],"slowdown":[68],"scaling":[70],"in":[71,116,119],"CMOS":[72],"platforms":[73],"also":[74],"motivates":[75],"search":[77],"alternative":[79],"implementation":[80],"substrates.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"present":[86],"GHOST":[87,96,153],",":[88],"first":[90],"silicon-photonic":[91],"hardware":[92,177],"accelerator":[93],"alleviates":[98],"costs":[100],"associated":[101],"with":[102],"both":[103],"vertex-centric":[104],"edge-centric":[106],"operations.":[107],"It":[108],"implements":[109],"separately":[110],"three":[112],"main":[113],"stages":[114],"involved":[115],"running":[117],"optical":[121],"domain,":[122],"allowing":[123],"it":[124],"be":[126],"used":[127,134],"inference":[130],"various":[132],"widely":[133],"GNN":[135,176],"models":[136],"architectures,":[138],"graph":[141,145],"convolution":[142],"attention":[146],"networks.":[147],"Our":[148],"simulation":[149],"studies":[150],"indicate":[151],"exhibits":[154],"at":[155],"least":[156],"10.2":[157],"\u00d7":[158,163],"better":[159,164],"throughput":[160],"3.8":[162],"energy":[165],"efficiency":[166],"when":[167],"compared":[168],"GPU,":[170],"TPU,":[171],"CPU":[172],"multiple":[174],"state-of-the-art":[175],"accelerators.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
