{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385993940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609021.3609305","title":"Seeing the Invisible: Auditing eBPF Programs in Hypervisor with HyperBee","display_name":"Seeing the Invisible: Auditing eBPF Programs in Hypervisor with HyperBee","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385993940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609021.3609305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609021.3609305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609021.3609305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609021.3609305","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on eBPF and Kernel Extensions","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609021.3609305","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741276","display_name":"Yutian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8451-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yutian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8451-600X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380761","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-8865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379245","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-7885"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-7885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100741276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3838,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55883627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"28","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.8439267873764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139666318893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.691188395023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.622732937335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6075747013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5516622066497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5420774221420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.5084844827651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.470839262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy","display_name":"Security policy","score":0.4519278407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-space","display_name":"User space","score":0.41819286346435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3897232115268707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.2950390577316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1810641586780548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.8439267873764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139666318893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.691188395023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.622732937335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6075747013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5516622066497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5420774221420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.5084844827651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.470839262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.4519278407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775877400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142183","display_name":"User space","level":2,"score":0.41819286346435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3897232115268707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.2950390577316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1810641586780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609021.3609305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609021.3609305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609021.3609305","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on eBPF and Kernel Extensions","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3609021.3609305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609021.3609305","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3609021.3609305","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on eBPF and Kernel Extensions","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G296828936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3104900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385993940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385993940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954549386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367644348","https://openalex.org/W2358779924","https://openalex.org/W4229725477","https://openalex.org/W2537983160","https://openalex.org/W115639647","https://openalex.org/W2793353921","https://openalex.org/W2380718268","https://openalex.org/W2347849832","https://openalex.org/W2140784315","https://openalex.org/W2760300028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"flexibility":[1,15],"of":[2,91,118,128],"eBPF":[3,24,39,44,62,68,92,109,120,145,179],"makes":[4],"it":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,51,95],"performance,":[9],"security,":[10],"and":[11,55,111,115,132,139,168],"monitoring.":[12],"However,":[13],"this":[14],"is":[16,41,74,164],"a":[17,75,82,126],"double-edged":[18],"sword,":[19],"allowing":[20],"attackers":[21],"to":[22,49,107],"use":[23],"for":[25],"malicious":[26,38,61,180],"purposes.":[27],"Security":[28],"researchers":[29],"have":[30],"discovered":[31],"multiple":[32],"backdoors":[33],"built":[34],"by":[35],"eBPF.":[36],"Detecting":[37],"programs":[40,69,93,110,121],"challenging":[42],"since":[43],"exploits":[45],"are":[46],"almost":[47],"invisible":[48],"inspection":[50],"both":[52],"the":[53,86,101,133],"user":[54],"kernel":[56],"space.":[57],"To":[58],"defend":[59],"against":[60,177],"programs,":[63],"auditing":[64,90],"an":[65],"operating":[66],"system's":[67],"externally":[70],"at":[71,155],"load":[72,108,156,160,171],"time":[73,161,172],"more":[76],"efficient":[77],"approach.":[78],"We":[79,124],"propose":[80],"HyperBee,":[81],"system":[83],"integrated":[84],"into":[85],"hypervisor":[87],"that":[88,150],"enables":[89],"loaded":[94],"guests":[96],"without":[97],"performance":[98,142],"impact":[99],"during":[100],"execution.":[102],"Guests":[103],"relinquish":[104],"their":[105,119],"ability":[106],"must":[112],"complete":[113],"verification":[114],"JIT":[116],"compilation":[117],"through":[122],"HyperBee.":[123],"implement":[125],"prototype":[127],"HyperBee":[129,151],"on":[130,137],"KVM":[131],"HyperBee-aware":[134],"guest":[135],"based":[136],"Linux":[138],"evaluate":[140],"its":[141],"when":[143,162,173],"loading":[144],"programs.":[146,181],"Our":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"only":[152],"brings":[153],"overhead":[154],"time:":[157],"9%":[158],"extra":[159,170],"there":[163],"no":[165],"security":[166,175],"policy":[167],"17%":[169],"using":[174],"policies":[176],"known":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
