{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383816991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608476","title":"SplitZNS: Towards an Efficient LSM-Tree on Zoned Namespace SSDs","display_name":"SplitZNS: Towards an Efficient LSM-Tree on Zoned Namespace SSDs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383816991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3608476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3608476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3608476","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101741898","display_name":"Dong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-7531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057421680","display_name":"Dan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087664529","display_name":"Qiankun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4760-5415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiankun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101811492","display_name":"Bo Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-0140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091638734","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008340821","display_name":"Xueliang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-1702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueliang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579426","display_name":"Wei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNLO, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101741898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.961354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8258492946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6654546856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/namespace","display_name":"Namespace","score":0.5852594971656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4750361740589142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.47280970215797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.43329310417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2389669120311737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8258492946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6654546856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778383056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873636","display_name":"Namespace","level":2,"score":0.5852594971656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4750361740589142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47280970215797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.43329310417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2389669120311737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3608476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3608476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3608476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3608476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8704010087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61821003, and 62172178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383816991.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383816991.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2000671386","https://openalex.org/W2028661945","https://openalex.org/W2029736618","https://openalex.org/W2068739275","https://openalex.org/W2109597634","https://openalex.org/W2155256331","https://openalex.org/W2550104829","https://openalex.org/W2594680891","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2764131694","https://openalex.org/W2765844783","https://openalex.org/W2774843356","https://openalex.org/W2799170133","https://openalex.org/W2899332646","https://openalex.org/W2950611389","https://openalex.org/W2962844766","https://openalex.org/W2982653262","https://openalex.org/W3016663965","https://openalex.org/W3085620111","https://openalex.org/W3085924233","https://openalex.org/W3135435620","https://openalex.org/W3159960729","https://openalex.org/W3205684738","https://openalex.org/W4283372300","https://openalex.org/W4283397468","https://openalex.org/W4283400287","https://openalex.org/W4286716706","https://openalex.org/W4293243613","https://openalex.org/W4312733066","https://openalex.org/W4320855634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370740425","https://openalex.org/W2912172084","https://openalex.org/W2295002787","https://openalex.org/W4233446872","https://openalex.org/W3017834062","https://openalex.org/W4205941804","https://openalex.org/W2142058655","https://openalex.org/W4239878326","https://openalex.org/W4232466705","https://openalex.org/W2419172041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Zoned":[1],"Namespace":[2],"(ZNS)":[3],"Solid":[4],"State":[5],"Drive":[6],"(SSD)":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,77,91,140,190,196,226],"nascent":[10],"form":[11],"of":[12,41,45,90,128,135,142],"storage":[13],"device":[14],"that":[15,76,240],"offers":[16],"novel":[17],"prospects":[18],"for":[19,119],"the":[20,36,42,58,61,88,112,125,131,152,221,254],"Log":[21],"Structured":[22],"Merge":[23],"Tree":[24],"(LSM-tree).":[25],"ZNS":[26,50,122,136],"exposes":[27],"erase":[28],"blocks":[29],"in":[30,85],"SSD":[31],"as":[32],"append-only":[33],"zones,":[34],"enabling":[35],"LSM-tree":[37,48,120,129],"to":[38,57,96,115,144,150,156,166,174,180,194,231,244,253],"gain":[39],"awareness":[40],"physical":[43],"layout":[44],"data.":[46],"Nevertheless,":[47],"on":[49,121],"SSDs":[51],"necessitates":[52],"Garbage":[53],"Collection":[54],"(GC)":[55],"owing":[56,95],"mismatch":[59],"between":[60],"gigantic":[62],"zones":[63,109,149,164],"and":[64,130,146,171,214,235,247],"relatively":[65],"small":[66,108,148,163],"Sorted":[67],"String":[68],"Tables":[69],"(SSTables).":[70],"Through":[71],"extensive":[72],"experiments,":[73],"we":[74,103,138,161,184],"observe":[75],"smaller":[78],"zone":[79,198],"size":[80],"can":[81],"reduce":[82],"data":[83,206,249,256],"migration":[84,250],"GC":[86,117],"at":[87],"cost":[89],"significant":[92],"performance":[93,153,246],"decline":[94],"inadequate":[97],"parallelism":[98,182],"exploitation.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"article,":[102],"present":[104],"SplitZNS,":[105],"which":[106,188,204,217],"introduces":[107],"by":[110],"tweaking":[111],"zone-to-chip":[113],"mapping":[114],"maximize":[116],"efficiency":[118,234],"SSDs.":[123],"Following":[124],"multi-level":[126],"peculiarity":[127],"inherent":[132],"parallel":[133],"architecture":[134],"SSDs,":[137],"propose":[139,185],"number":[141],"techniques":[143],"leverage":[145],"accelerate":[147],"alleviate":[151],"impact":[154],"due":[155,173],"underutilized":[157],"parallelism.":[158],"(1)":[159],"First,":[160],"use":[162],"selectively":[165],"prevent":[167],"exacerbating":[168],"write":[169],"slowdowns":[170],"stalls":[172],"their":[175],"suboptimal":[176],"performance.":[177],"(2)":[178],"Second,":[179],"enhance":[181],"utilization,":[183],"SubZone":[186],"Ring,":[187],"employs":[189],"per-chip":[191],"FIFO":[192],"buffer":[193],"imitate":[195],"large":[197],"writing":[199],"style;":[200],"(3)":[201],"Read":[202,215],"Prefetcher,":[203],"prefetches":[205],"concurrently":[207],"through":[208],"multiple":[209],"chips":[210],"during":[211],"compactions;":[212],"(4)":[213],"Scheduler,":[216],"assigns":[218],"query":[219],"requests":[220],"highest":[222],"priority.":[223],"We":[224],"build":[225],"prototype":[227],"integrated":[228],"with":[229],"SplitZNS":[230,241],"validate":[232],"its":[233],"efficacy.":[236],"Experimental":[237],"results":[238],"demonstrate":[239],"achieves":[242],"up":[243],"2.77\u00d7":[245],"reduces":[248],"considerably":[251],"compared":[252],"lifetime-based":[255],"placement.":[257],"1":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}