{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386317143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607839","title":"LURK: Lambda, the Ultimate Recursive Knowledge (Experience Report)","display_name":"LURK: Lambda, the Ultimate Recursive Knowledge (Experience Report)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386317143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3607839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607839","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3607839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3607839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054275386","display_name":"Nada Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-7248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-7248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052169587","display_name":"John C. Burnham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6945-2090"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Burnham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lurk Lab, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6945-2090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lurk Lab, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036346202","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Garillot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-2011"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Garillot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lurk Lab, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-2011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lurk Lab, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013831409","display_name":"Rosario Gennaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosario Gennaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["City College of New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-3750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City College of New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092723719","display_name":"Chhi\u2019m\u00e8d K\u00fcnzang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4389-6488"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chhi\u2019m\u00e8d K\u00fcnzang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lurk Lab, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4389-6488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lurk Lab, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086806563","display_name":"Daniel Rogozin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-4323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Rogozin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-4323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067172912","display_name":"Cameron Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-3964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-3964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68971103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"ICFP","first_page":"259","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8328730463981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.752665638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lisp","display_name":"Lisp","score":0.7300199866294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6283525824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5281130075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42406558990478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.4178849756717682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.4101092219352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2693164348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13311326503753662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8328730463981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.752665638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190883126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874","display_name":"Lisp","level":2,"score":0.7300199866294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6283525824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5281130075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42406558990478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.4178849756717682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.4101092219352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2693164348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13311326503753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3607839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607839","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3607839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05571640v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-05571640","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-05571640v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3607839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607839","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3607839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386317143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386317143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W168212000","https://openalex.org/W1580664042","https://openalex.org/W1836725053","https://openalex.org/W1987031623","https://openalex.org/W2020259928","https://openalex.org/W2021712311","https://openalex.org/W2045255985","https://openalex.org/W2085014646","https://openalex.org/W2099973295","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2529173666","https://openalex.org/W2948043589","https://openalex.org/W2964279767","https://openalex.org/W2982474429","https://openalex.org/W3015292646","https://openalex.org/W3113554767","https://openalex.org/W3158989923","https://openalex.org/W3164110928","https://openalex.org/W3178506813","https://openalex.org/W4288057723","https://openalex.org/W4313270705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570558224","https://openalex.org/W1766793284","https://openalex.org/W2294112532","https://openalex.org/W1601755775","https://openalex.org/W1970364639","https://openalex.org/W1970588133","https://openalex.org/W2022025391","https://openalex.org/W2163538620","https://openalex.org/W2631615588","https://openalex.org/W1567449721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"Lurk,":[2,79],"a":[3,23],"new":[4],"LISP-based":[5],"programming":[6,13,100],"language":[7,58],"for":[8],"zk-SNARKs.":[9],"Traditional":[10],"approaches":[11],"to":[12,49,59,92],"over":[14],"zero-knowledge":[15,101],"proofs":[16],"require":[17],"compiling":[18],"the":[19,30,50,56,64,67,74,96],"desired":[20],"computation":[21],"into":[22],"flat":[24],"circuit,":[25,54],"imposing":[26],"serious":[27],"constraints":[28],"on":[29],"size":[31,65],"and":[32,76],"complexity":[33],"of":[34,66,86,95,99],"computations":[35],"that":[36],"can":[37,89],"be":[38,60,90],"achieved":[39],"in":[40],"practice.":[41],"Lurk":[42,52],"programs":[43],"are":[44],"instead":[45],"provided":[46],"as":[47],"data":[48],"universal":[51],"interpreter":[53],"allowing":[55],"resulting":[57,68],"Turing-complete":[61],"without":[62],"compromising":[63],"proof":[69],"artifacts.":[70],"Our":[71],"work":[72],"describes":[73],"design":[75],"theory":[77],"behind":[78],"along":[80],"with":[81],"detailing":[82],"how":[83],"its":[84],"implementation":[85],"content":[87],"addressing":[88],"used":[91],"sidestep":[93],"many":[94],"usual":[97],"concerns":[98],"proofs.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
