{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382938482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607188","title":"API Entity and Relation Joint Extraction from Text via Dynamic Prompt-tuned Language Model","display_name":"API Entity and Relation Joint Extraction from Text via Dynamic Prompt-tuned Language Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382938482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3607188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087875790","display_name":"Qing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8877-4267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040728017","display_name":"Yanbang Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028641941","display_name":"Zhenchang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-1421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenchang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61 & Australian National University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61 & Australian National University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103292496","display_name":"Min Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-4804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University, School of Computer Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619104","display_name":"Xiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-973X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652461","display_name":"Qinghua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-1672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO\u2019s Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087875790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95062455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9167222380638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.7812286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5311996340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5135238766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5081462860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5063027143478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5022742748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4863196313381195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4833180904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.47175413370132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.4608464241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.4553546905517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4518444538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.39011886715888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35738682746887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28430891036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.26820051670074463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9167222380638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.7812286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5311996340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5135238766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5081462860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5063027143478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5022742748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4863196313381195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4833180904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.47175413370132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.4608464241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.4553546905517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4518444538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.39011886715888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35738682746887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28430891036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26820051670074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3607188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3607188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641782215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20222ZDH04090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6535910400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317312","display_name":"Graduate Innovative Special Fund Projects of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W2060632533","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2105400090","https://openalex.org/W2111878854","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2122060876","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2170592526","https://openalex.org/W2187074748","https://openalex.org/W2366532918","https://openalex.org/W2406204547","https://openalex.org/W2417429787","https://openalex.org/W2577625626","https://openalex.org/W2617307387","https://openalex.org/W2794354396","https://openalex.org/W2888017562","https://openalex.org/W2901934569","https://openalex.org/W2920714358","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2968388969","https://openalex.org/W2970476646","https://openalex.org/W2979480859","https://openalex.org/W3011574394","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3088409176","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3102756401","https://openalex.org/W3103702776","https://openalex.org/W3125333348","https://openalex.org/W3125402553","https://openalex.org/W3167136668","https://openalex.org/W3170936934","https://openalex.org/W3174432697","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W3214531037","https://openalex.org/W4206299091","https://openalex.org/W4221166835","https://openalex.org/W4224306499","https://openalex.org/W4283013039","https://openalex.org/W4288055447","https://openalex.org/W4293138061","https://openalex.org/W4294214797","https://openalex.org/W4296079340","https://openalex.org/W4308643970","https://openalex.org/W4313563649","https://openalex.org/W4313563756","https://openalex.org/W4385572953","https://openalex.org/W4388631682","https://openalex.org/W6677768291","https://openalex.org/W6766833426","https://openalex.org/W6929200156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189110383","https://openalex.org/W2916255597","https://openalex.org/W3095980030","https://openalex.org/W2589080577","https://openalex.org/W2352298027","https://openalex.org/W4319940250","https://openalex.org/W4321523623","https://openalex.org/W842810586","https://openalex.org/W3161409692","https://openalex.org/W4379379356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extraction":[0,101],"of":[1,50,58,123,153],"Application":[2],"Programming":[3],"Interfaces":[4],"(APIs)":[5],"and":[6,33,61,66,77,85,95,138,155,170],"their":[7],"semantic":[8],"relations":[9,139],"from":[10,140,158],"unstructured":[11,141],"text":[12,142],"(e.g.,":[13,24],"Stack":[14,159],"Overflow)":[15],"is":[16,62],"a":[17,47,55,91,120,131,151],"fundamental":[18],"work":[19],"for":[20,46],"software":[21],"engineering":[22],"tasks":[23],"API":[25,75,83,86,98,105,136,174],"recommendation).":[26],"However,":[27],"existing":[28],"approaches":[29],"are":[30],"rule":[31],"based":[32,110],"sequence":[34],"labeling":[35,74],"based.":[36],"They":[37],"must":[38],"manually":[39],"enumerate":[40],"the":[41,97,112],"rules":[42],"or":[43,73,181],"label":[44],"data":[45],"wide":[48],"range":[49],"sentence":[51],"patterns,":[52],"which":[53],"involves":[54],"significant":[56],"amount":[57],"labor":[59],"overhead":[60],"exacerbated":[63],"by":[64],"morphological":[65],"common-word":[67],"ambiguity.":[68],"In":[69],"contrast":[70],"to":[71],"matching":[72],"entities":[76,137],"relations,":[78],"this":[79],"article":[80],"formulates":[81],"heterogeneous":[82],"extraction":[84,88,108],"relation":[87],"task":[89,94],"as":[90],"sequence-to-sequence":[92],"generation":[93],"proposes":[96],"Entity-Relation":[99],"Joint":[100],"framework":[102],"(AERJE),":[103],"an":[104],"entity-relation":[106,175],"joint":[107,176],"model":[109],"on":[111,119,150],"large":[113],"pre-trained":[114],"language":[115],"model.":[116],"After":[117],"training":[118],"small":[121],"number":[122],"ambiguous":[124,156],"but":[125],"correctly":[126],"labeled":[127],"data,":[128],"AERJE":[129,149,166],"builds":[130],"multi-task":[132],"architecture":[133],"that":[134,165],"extracts":[135],"using":[143],"dynamic":[144],"prompts.":[145],"We":[146],"systematically":[147],"evaluate":[148],"set":[152],"long":[154],"sentences":[157],"Overflow.":[160],"The":[161],"experimental":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"achieves":[167],"high":[168],"accuracy":[169],"discrimination":[171],"ability":[172],"in":[173],"extraction,":[177],"even":[178],"with":[179],"zero":[180],"few-shot":[182],"fine-tuning.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}