{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386917561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605655.3605786","title":"The Typology of Digital Health Apps According to their Quality Scores and User Ratings: K-Means Clustering","display_name":"The Typology of Digital Health Apps According to their Quality Scores and User Ratings: K-Means Clustering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386917561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605655.3605786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3605655.3605786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605655.3605786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033928608","display_name":"Maciej Hyzy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Hyzy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-8976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067279312","display_name":"Raymond Bond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-2232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038610271","display_name":"Maurice Mulvenna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Mulvenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-0785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017499714","display_name":"Lu Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-5412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-5412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulster University, Ulster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082004007","display_name":"Simon Leigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-6447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Leigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCHA, ORCHA, United Kingdom and \rUniversity of Warwick, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-6447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCHA, ORCHA, United Kingdom and \rUniversity of Warwick, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13243","display_name":"Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems","score":0.9036999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typology","display_name":"Typology","score":0.8965154886245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7813125252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6071232557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5159083604812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21008193492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.0683487057685852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.8965154886245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7813125252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071232557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5159083604812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21008193492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0683487057685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3605655.3605786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605655.3605786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339369942","https://openalex.org/W2946661638","https://openalex.org/W3023473272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2241143171","https://openalex.org/W3212604275","https://openalex.org/W4210715198","https://openalex.org/W4298181027","https://openalex.org/W654341863","https://openalex.org/W3170213355","https://openalex.org/W1904057732","https://openalex.org/W334991267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,100],"study":[1,101],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,23],"discovering":[4],"the":[5,32,68],"types":[6,95],"of":[7,70,96,109,111,125,128,130,153],"digital":[8,83,97],"health":[9,60,84,98,112,131,154,168],"apps":[10,61,85,113,126,155],"that":[11,52,87,103,150],"exist":[12],"in":[13],"accordance":[14],"with":[15,145],"several":[16],"quality":[17,27,58],"characteristics":[18],"and":[19,41,72,120,142],"their":[20,160],"user":[21,34,118,147],"ratings":[22,119],"app":[24],"stores.":[25],"The":[26,65],"scores":[28,30,48,138,144],"include":[29],"for":[31,64,67],"app's":[33],"experience":[35],"(UX),":[36],"its":[37],"data":[38],"privacy":[39],"(DP)":[40],"professional":[42],"clinical":[43],"assurance":[44],"(PCA)":[45],"which":[46,114,133],"are":[47,156],"provided":[49],"by":[50,159],"ORCHA":[51],"use":[53],"many":[54,82],"objective":[55],"questions":[56],"to":[57,80],"assess":[59],"(ORCHA":[62],"stands":[63],"Organisation":[66],"Review":[69],"Care":[71],"Health":[73],"Apps).":[74],"K-means":[75],"clustering":[76],"has":[77],"been":[78],"used":[79],"group":[81],"(n>1700)":[86],"have":[88,116,135],"similar":[89],"traits.":[90],"We":[91],"describe":[92],"6":[93],"different":[94],"apps.":[99,169],"shows":[102],"one":[104],"cluster":[105,124,152],"(or":[106],"type)":[107],"comprise":[108,127],"23.8%":[110],"typically":[115,134],"good":[117,146],"high-quality":[121],"scores.":[122],"Another":[123],"27.2%":[129],"apps,":[132],"low":[136],"PCA":[137,161],"but":[139],"high":[140],"UX":[141],"DP":[143],"ratings,":[148],"indicating":[149],"this":[151],"held":[157],"back":[158],"score":[162],"from":[163],"becoming":[164],"\u2018the":[165],"highest":[166],"quality\u2019":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}