{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385160209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605799","title":"Investigating the effect of visual realism on empathic responses to emotionally expressive virtual humans","display_name":"Investigating the effect of visual realism on empathic responses to emotionally expressive virtual humans","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385160209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3605495.3605799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605799","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3605495.3605799","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3605495.3605799","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021935365","display_name":"Darragh Higgins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darragh Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092524974","display_name":"Yilin Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5056-994X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084278986","display_name":"Benjamin R. Cowan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin R. Cowan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301210","display_name":"Rachel McDonnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-2506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel McDonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021935365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.8788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9957766,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny-valley","display_name":"Uncanny valley","score":0.9889794588088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.881306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6542868614196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6268070340156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"Realism","score":0.6243293285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5826570987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny","display_name":"Uncanny","score":0.5743003487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.5528780221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-valence","display_name":"Emotional valence","score":0.4964190125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4877355992794037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4250068664550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.35513365268707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23663198947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.18053093552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.07475683093070984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2365568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844664","display_name":"Uncanny valley","level":3,"score":0.9889794588088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.881306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6542868614196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6268070340156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.6243293285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5826570987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780362631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633852","display_name":"Uncanny","level":2,"score":0.5743003487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5528780221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113318","display_name":"Emotional valence","level":3,"score":0.4964190125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4877355992794037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4250068664550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35513365268707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23663198947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.18053093552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07475683093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3605495.3605799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605799","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3605495.3605799","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3605495.3605799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605799","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3605495.3605799","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2322257346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/CRT/622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G34635314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8/CRT/6224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3993907298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4915346836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/CRT/6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6323735072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19/FFP/6409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6334448832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2106_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8019802486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/CRT/6224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385160209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385160209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85091029","https://openalex.org/W369535192","https://openalex.org/W638508087","https://openalex.org/W1596491790","https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W1986530040","https://openalex.org/W1998198792","https://openalex.org/W2001193333","https://openalex.org/W2008423926","https://openalex.org/W2012511508","https://openalex.org/W2026871208","https://openalex.org/W2067609776","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2112973256","https://openalex.org/W2113921716","https://openalex.org/W2116385068","https://openalex.org/W2165113252","https://openalex.org/W2285456823","https://openalex.org/W2402977937","https://openalex.org/W2511084678","https://openalex.org/W2521476931","https://openalex.org/W2553027802","https://openalex.org/W2738304605","https://openalex.org/W2768000253","https://openalex.org/W2768754031","https://openalex.org/W2768844854","https://openalex.org/W2791303701","https://openalex.org/W2800009797","https://openalex.org/W2888849277","https://openalex.org/W2892681069","https://openalex.org/W2894742581","https://openalex.org/W2912483755","https://openalex.org/W2933044734","https://openalex.org/W2963412397","https://openalex.org/W2972208756","https://openalex.org/W2973433792","https://openalex.org/W2991493714","https://openalex.org/W3082359581","https://openalex.org/W3088646063","https://openalex.org/W3088985939","https://openalex.org/W3120154478","https://openalex.org/W3167176936","https://openalex.org/W3178500129","https://openalex.org/W3197986413","https://openalex.org/W4220879444","https://openalex.org/W4288079519","https://openalex.org/W4294300359","https://openalex.org/W4362653009","https://openalex.org/W6772494849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281662534","https://openalex.org/W2094482505","https://openalex.org/W2133090352","https://openalex.org/W4225517139","https://openalex.org/W3123777567","https://openalex.org/W4243889981","https://openalex.org/W4223413453","https://openalex.org/W2587578221","https://openalex.org/W2407881805","https://openalex.org/W2032261806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,71,83,99],"remarkable":[2],"improvement":[3],"in":[4,120,137],"technical":[5],"systems":[6],"for":[7,70],"generating":[8],"realistic":[9],"virtual":[10,41,89],"humans,":[11],"there":[12],"comes":[13],"a":[14],"requirement":[15],"to":[16,34,48,122,129],"quantify":[17],"effects":[19,109],"that":[20,82],"different":[21],"aspects":[22],"of":[23,60,77,85,96],"realism":[24],"can":[25],"have":[26,125],"on":[27,37,57,110],"users.":[28],"The":[29],"study":[30,93],"outlined":[31],"here":[32],"sought":[33],"advance":[35],"research":[36],"emotion":[38,86],"perception":[39],"and":[40,63,98,104,113],"humans":[42,90],"by":[43,88],"assessing":[44],"basic":[45],"empathic":[46,111],"responses":[47,112,128],"high":[49],"fidelity":[50],"emotionally":[51],"expressive":[52],"characters.":[53],"We":[54,80,116],"report":[55],"findings":[56,119],"participants":[58],"experiences":[59],"cognitive,":[61],"affective":[62],"compassionate":[64],"empathy,":[65],"as":[66,68,132,134],"well":[67,133],"measurements":[69],"uncanny":[72,100,138],"valley":[73,139],"at":[74],"two":[75],"levels":[76,84],"visual":[78],"realism.":[79],"find":[81],"expressed":[87],"within":[91],"our":[92],"influenced":[94],"ratings":[95],"empathy":[97,127],"valley,":[101],"with":[102],"positive":[103],"negative":[105],"valence":[106],"having":[107],"significant":[108],"perceived":[114],"appeal.":[115],"discuss":[117],"these":[118],"relation":[121],"studies":[123],"which":[124],"measured":[126],"animated":[130],"characters,":[131],"notable":[135],"differences":[136],"measurements.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
