{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386729842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608805","title":"How Should We Measure Filter Bubbles? A Regression Model and Evidence for Online News","display_name":"How Should We Measure Filter Bubbles? A Regression Model and Evidence for Online News","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386729842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604915.3608805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/133918592/AAM_RecSys23.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079385763","display_name":"Lien Michiels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-2460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lien Michiels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium and Froomle NV, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-2460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium and Froomle NV, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034552589","display_name":"Jorre Vannieuwenhuyze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-7653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802330208","display_name":"Statistics Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/0246a9012","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208","https://openalex.org/I4210095879"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorre Vannieuwenhuyze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistiek Vlaanderen, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-7653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistiek Vlaanderen, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036247965","display_name":"Jens Leysen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-0932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Leysen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-0932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076099352","display_name":"Robin Verachtert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-7770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Verachtert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Froomle NV, Belgium and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-7770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Froomle NV, Belgium and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074792667","display_name":"Annelien Smets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annelien Smets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Sciences, imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-7159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Sciences, imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020321444","display_name":"Bart Goethals","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Goethals","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium and Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-9554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium and Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836","https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079385763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5129,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97457511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"640","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7395164966583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7316560745239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7247055172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.6744861602783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.6545079350471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6300593614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.527830183506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.48871517181396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.47889938950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.467288076877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.45548880100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.4464878737926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.4328121840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37352585792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35456883907318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21547934412956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12810146808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12363815307617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08430621027946472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7395164966583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7316560745239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7247055172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.6744861602783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6545079350471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6300593614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.527830183506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.48871517181396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47889938950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.467288076877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.45548880100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4464878737926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4328121840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37352585792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35456883907318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21547934412956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12810146808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12363815307617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08430621027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604915.3608805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:169134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/how-should-we-measure-filter-bubbles-a-regression-model-and-evidence-for-online-news(cd85e203-d6f7-4449-9726-0eccf7b2bfff).html","pdf_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/133918592/AAM_RecSys23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:187536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:169134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/how-should-we-measure-filter-bubbles-a-regression-model-and-evidence-for-online-news(cd85e203-d6f7-4449-9726-0eccf7b2bfff).html","pdf_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/133918592/AAM_RecSys23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6348530359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S006323N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386729842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386729842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526182533","https://openalex.org/W1583059097","https://openalex.org/W1609013173","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W2110158660","https://openalex.org/W2142144955","https://openalex.org/W2163162311","https://openalex.org/W2565683863","https://openalex.org/W2586709054","https://openalex.org/W2727940568","https://openalex.org/W2790980374","https://openalex.org/W2805720864","https://openalex.org/W2904849632","https://openalex.org/W2909551589","https://openalex.org/W2953083078","https://openalex.org/W3019548522","https://openalex.org/W3030594067","https://openalex.org/W3034503922","https://openalex.org/W3092495543","https://openalex.org/W3097708268","https://openalex.org/W3101101404","https://openalex.org/W3121661582","https://openalex.org/W3134235469","https://openalex.org/W3135903229","https://openalex.org/W3137073500","https://openalex.org/W3154538081","https://openalex.org/W3165030819","https://openalex.org/W3177148406","https://openalex.org/W3186240982","https://openalex.org/W3200592006","https://openalex.org/W3208235503","https://openalex.org/W4200460915","https://openalex.org/W4210840373","https://openalex.org/W4220697972","https://openalex.org/W4221142221","https://openalex.org/W4284697476","https://openalex.org/W4296604448","https://openalex.org/W4297782897","https://openalex.org/W4299687421","https://openalex.org/W4300815417","https://openalex.org/W6893753706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772628444","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W4220714703","https://openalex.org/W1484355083","https://openalex.org/W3008845055","https://openalex.org/W2098758514","https://openalex.org/W4376854386","https://openalex.org/W2202724490","https://openalex.org/W2508671622","https://openalex.org/W2556532874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"News":[0],"media":[1],"play":[2],"an":[3,126,145],"important":[4],"role":[5,13],"in":[6,76,143,217,233,241,255],"democratic":[7],"societies.":[8],"Central":[9],"to":[10,22,58,129,137,178,182],"fulfilling":[11],"this":[12,70,122],"is":[14],"the":[15,65,95,107,113,132,201,234,242],"premise":[16],"that":[17,50,84,100,110,162,192,204],"users":[18,57,83],"should":[19],"be":[20],"exposed":[21],"diverse":[23,60],"news.":[24],"However,":[25],"news":[26,33,52,89,169,175],"recommender":[27,53,176],"systems":[28,54],"are":[29,48,101,196],"gaining":[30],"popularity":[31],"on":[32,221],"websites,":[34],"which":[35],"has":[36,72],"sparked":[37],"concerns":[38],"over":[39,62,141],"filter":[40,222],"bubbles.":[41,223],"More":[42],"specifically,":[43],"editors,":[44],"policy-makers":[45],"and":[46,103,159,198,203,210],"scholars":[47],"worried":[49],"these":[51,186],"may":[55,111],"expose":[56],"less":[59],"content":[61],"time.":[63,120],"To":[64],"best":[66],"of":[67,81,97,115,134,229,237,252],"our":[68,193,205],"knowledge,":[69],"hypothesis":[71],"not":[73],"been":[74],"tested":[75],"a":[77,87,138,172,230,238,253],"longitudinal":[78],"observational":[79,92,146],"study":[80,130,147],"real":[82,88],"interact":[85],"with":[86],"website.":[90],"Such":[91],"studies":[93,156,188,226],"require":[94],"use":[96],"research":[98],"methods":[99,215],"robust":[102],"can":[104],"account":[105],"for":[106],"many":[108],"covariates":[109],"influence":[112],"diversity":[114],"recommendations":[116,181,240],"at":[117],"any":[118],"given":[119],"In":[121],"work,":[123],"we":[124,150,189],"propose":[125],"analysis":[127,214],"model":[128,206],"whether":[131],"variety":[133,236],"articles":[135],"recommended":[136],"user":[139],"decreases":[140],"time":[142],"such":[144],"design.":[148],"Further,":[149],"present":[151],"results":[152,212],"from":[153],"two":[154,166],"case":[155,187,225],"using":[157],"aggregated":[158],"anonymized":[160],"data":[161],"were":[163],"collected":[164],"by":[165,200],"western":[167],"European":[168],"websites":[170],"employing":[171],"collaborative":[173],"filtering-based":[174],"system":[177],"serve":[179],"(personalized)":[180],"their":[183],"users.":[184],"Through":[185],"validate":[190],"empirically":[191],"modeling":[194],"assumptions":[195],"sound":[197],"supported":[199],"data,":[202],"obtains":[207],"more":[208],"reliable":[209],"interpretable":[211],"than":[213],"used":[216],"prior":[218],"empirical":[219],"work":[220],"Our":[224],"provide":[227],"evidence":[228,251],"small":[231],"decrease":[232,254],"topic":[235],"user\u2019s":[239],"first":[243],"weeks":[244],"after":[245],"they":[246],"sign":[247],"up,":[248],"but":[249],"no":[250],"political":[256],"variety.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
