{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387955155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604112","title":"Enhancing CNN-based Face Mask Detection and Usage Classification using Capsule Networks","display_name":"Enhancing CNN-based Face Mask Detection and Usage Classification using Capsule Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387955155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604078.3604112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Digital Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006126536","display_name":"John Paul Q. Tomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-4902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137967721","display_name":"Map\u00faa University","ror":"https://ror.org/040rd2b57","country_code":"PH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Paul Tomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-4902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103224118","display_name":"Roginald Glenn B. Dela Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1278-1630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137967721","display_name":"Map\u00faa University","ror":"https://ror.org/040rd2b57","country_code":"PH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roginald Glenn B. Dela Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1278-1630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091968876","display_name":"Uriel A. Federez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2773-5560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137967721","display_name":"Map\u00faa University","ror":"https://ror.org/040rd2b57","country_code":"PH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uriel A. Federez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2773-5560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111062965","display_name":"Daniel C. Samonte","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137967721","display_name":"Map\u00faa University","ror":"https://ror.org/040rd2b57","country_code":"PH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. Samonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5550-4883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Mapua University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137967721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41747535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9434999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8043391704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7772316336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7519956827163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6478177905082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.599663257598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5907853841781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5214142799377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5119591951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4905628561973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48440271615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.47793203592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.439035564661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4225907325744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37476634979248047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8043391704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7772316336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7519956827163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6478177905082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.599663257598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5907853841781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5214142799377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5119591951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4905628561973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48440271615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.47793203592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.439035564661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4225907325744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37476634979248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604078.3604112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Digital Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2786437580","https://openalex.org/W2914663144","https://openalex.org/W2927205376","https://openalex.org/W2979309460","https://openalex.org/W2999005247","https://openalex.org/W3001136015","https://openalex.org/W3011664876","https://openalex.org/W3041148517","https://openalex.org/W3044383671","https://openalex.org/W3044778821","https://openalex.org/W3045576536","https://openalex.org/W3070220677","https://openalex.org/W3105153358","https://openalex.org/W3109940015","https://openalex.org/W3131783576","https://openalex.org/W3142882742","https://openalex.org/W3163117789","https://openalex.org/W3170692682","https://openalex.org/W3183269972","https://openalex.org/W4225094779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W3183136280","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W3114716045","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"Neural":[1],"Network":[2,27],"is":[3,94,122],"a":[4,62],"popular":[5],"algorithm":[6,28],"for":[7,56],"image":[8],"and":[9,21,38,53,84,89,107,118,137],"audio":[10],"processing.":[11],"However,":[12],"it":[13],"contains":[14],"drawbacks":[15],"of":[16,35,40,100,104,113],"inefficient":[17],"classifications":[18],"with":[19,130,140],"positional":[20],"angular":[22],"differences.":[23],"Therefore,":[24],"the":[25,33,36,77,86,105,126,134],"Capsule":[26],"was":[29,73],"used":[30],"to":[31,48,124],"enhance":[32],"classification":[34,83],"type":[37],"usage":[39],"face":[41],"masks.":[42],"The":[43,59,71],"study":[44],"utilized":[45],"9872":[46],"images":[47,81],"process,":[49],"using":[50],"brightness,":[51],"contrast,":[52],"horizontal":[54],"flips":[55],"data":[57],"augmentation.":[58],"results":[60],"showed":[61],"slightly":[63],"better":[64],"performance":[65],"in":[66,79,102],"CapsNet":[67],"vs.":[68],"CNN":[69],"ResNet-50.":[70],"model":[72,78],"improved":[74],"by":[75],"training":[76],"equal":[80],"per":[82],"getting":[85],"best":[87],"epochs":[88],"batch":[90],"size":[91],"hyperparameters.":[92],"It":[93,121],"further":[95],"validated":[96],"through":[97],"video":[98],"input":[99],"surroundings":[101],"areas":[103],"Philippines":[106],"found":[108],"issues":[109],"such":[110],"as":[111],"misclassification":[112],"dark-colored":[114],"masks,":[115,117],"skin-toned":[116],"far":[119],"subjects.":[120],"recommended":[123],"increase":[125],"dataset":[127],"size,":[128],"especially":[129],"misclassified":[131],"cases,":[132],"change":[133],"model's":[135],"architecture,":[136],"try":[138],"comparisons":[139],"other":[141],"algorithms.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
