{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387954805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604083","title":"Multi-class Wall Recognition in Complex Architectural Floor Plan Images Using a Convolutional Network","display_name":"Multi-class Wall Recognition in Complex Architectural Floor Plan Images Using a Convolutional Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387954805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604078.3604083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3604078.3604083","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Digital Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3604078.3604083","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101603060","display_name":"Zhongguo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-0301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongguo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-0301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074232179","display_name":"Naresh Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-5159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naresh Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-5159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040466772","display_name":"Syed Mehadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0103-6863"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Mehadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinisys EMR Inc., Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0103-6863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinisys EMR Inc., Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101417879","display_name":"Mrinal Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-5876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrinal Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-5876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85846401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floor-plan","display_name":"Floor plan","score":0.8858910202980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.7199296951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6275926232337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6084297895431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5683512687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5648273825645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5639429688453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-plan","display_name":"Architectural plan","score":0.5633993148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5314967036247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5072442889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5017781257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.4949752688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4786980450153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4241163730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38178011775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33210623264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3135700225830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2836276888847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2389289140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09703794121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0970328152179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09103679656982422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61056293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Floor plan","level":2,"score":0.8858910202980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7199296951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6275926232337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6084297895431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5683512687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5648273825645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5639429688453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152095336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Architectural plan","level":3,"score":0.5633993148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5314967036247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5072442889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5017781257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.4949752688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4786980450153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4241163730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38178011775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33210623264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3135700225830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2836276888847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2389289140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09703794121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0970328152179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09103679656982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604078.3604083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3604078.3604083","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Digital Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3604078.3604083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3604078.3604083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3604078.3604083","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Digital Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2271590008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387954805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387954805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W372584657","https://openalex.org/W1820374173","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2008822987","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2106615503","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2330159957","https://openalex.org/W2331011752","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2911400656","https://openalex.org/W2915968927","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2970233625","https://openalex.org/W2986661129","https://openalex.org/W3001213871","https://openalex.org/W4214743736","https://openalex.org/W4230056077","https://openalex.org/W4236345650","https://openalex.org/W4241307704","https://openalex.org/W4399659233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605494331","https://openalex.org/W2590908466","https://openalex.org/W4387954805","https://openalex.org/W4220880163","https://openalex.org/W4200371538","https://openalex.org/W2153586213","https://openalex.org/W2103106413","https://openalex.org/W1995375286","https://openalex.org/W2736418778","https://openalex.org/W2992557889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Architectural":[0],"floor":[1,17,29,38,56],"plan":[2,18,39],"is":[3,21,33,67,107,139],"an":[4,34,54,78],"essential":[5],"document":[6],"to":[7,23,69,109,142],"share":[8],"the":[9,28,71,100,127,143],"building":[10],"information":[11,26],"among":[12],"designers,":[13],"and":[14,80,120],"engineers.":[15],"Automatic":[16],"image":[19,40],"analysis":[20],"useful":[22],"extract":[24],"various":[25],"from":[27],"plan.":[30,57],"Wall":[31],"segmentation":[32],"important":[35],"step":[36],"in":[37,53],"analysis.":[41],"However,":[42],"few":[43],"research":[44],"works":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"conducted":[48],"for":[49],"automatic":[50],"wall":[51],"recognition":[52],"architectural":[55],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"a":[61,81,132],"convolution":[62],"neural":[63],"network,":[64],"namely":[65],"WallNet,":[66],"proposed":[68,105,128],"recognize":[70,110],"multi-class":[72],"walls.":[73],"The":[74,83,104,122],"WallNet":[75],"consists":[76],"of":[77,114,136],"encoder":[79,84],"decoder.":[82],"captures":[85],"low-level":[86],"features,":[87],"as":[88,90],"well":[89],"multiscale":[91],"contextual":[92],"information.":[93],"Based":[94],"on":[95],"these":[96],"extracted":[97],"feature":[98],"maps,":[99],"walls":[101],"are":[102],"detected.":[103],"network":[106],"applied":[108],"five":[111],"different":[112],"classes":[113],"walls:":[115],"solid-wall,":[116],"dot-wall,":[117],"diagonal-wall,":[118],"hollow-wall":[119],"gray-wall.":[121],"experimental":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"architecture":[129],"can":[130],"obtain":[131],"mean":[133],"average":[134],"precision":[135],"72%,":[137],"which":[138],"superior":[140],"compared":[141],"state-of-the-art":[144],"techniques.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
