{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393928178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603166.3632137","title":"A Data-driven Analysis of a Cloud Data Center: Statistical Characterization of Workload, Energy and Temperature","display_name":"A Data-driven Analysis of a Cloud Data Center: Statistical Characterization of Workload, Energy and Temperature","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393928178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603166.3632137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3603166.3632137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603166.3632137","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3603166.3632137","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3603166.3632137","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050418212","display_name":"Shashikant Ilager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-6582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shashikant Ilager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Systems Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-6582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Systems Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083902835","display_name":"Adel N. Toosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel N Toosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101404583","display_name":"Mayank Raj Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6121-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Raj Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Itlay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6121-6294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Itlay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009158531","display_name":"Ivona Brandi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivona Brandic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-0208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014716105","display_name":"Rajkumar Buyya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Buyya","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-6496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050418212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6905,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9227835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.7751107811927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7287352681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.681704044342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6406131982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5138242840766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.507347047328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4548244774341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.4402408301830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13890445232391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13572600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.097127765417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07106328010559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.7751107811927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7287352681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.681704044342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6406131982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5138242840766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.507347047328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4548244774341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4402408301830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13890445232391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13572600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.097127765417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07106328010559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3603166.3632137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603166.3632137","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3603166.3632137","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3603166.3632137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603166.3632137","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3603166.3632137","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365824809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA-19-CES-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4860583558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P 36870-N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907550674","display_name":"Triton - Transprecise Edge Computing","funder_award_id":"P 36870","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6000026768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y904-N31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393928178.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393928178.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W2075863084","https://openalex.org/W2082410059","https://openalex.org/W2143853136","https://openalex.org/W2147598193","https://openalex.org/W2284351912","https://openalex.org/W2587207633","https://openalex.org/W2600136667","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2912174032","https://openalex.org/W3001065315","https://openalex.org/W3138516546","https://openalex.org/W3175111539","https://openalex.org/W3209190856","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4241618768","https://openalex.org/W4287258855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2547038763","https://openalex.org/W2089689241","https://openalex.org/W2031586449","https://openalex.org/W2379482911","https://openalex.org/W2645858920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"efficiently":[1],"manage":[2],"large-scale":[3],"cloud":[4,68],"data":[5,12,69,165],"centers,":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8],"critical":[9],"to":[10,46,88,112,130,173,192],"understand":[11],"centers'":[13],"workload,":[14],"energy,":[15,83],"and":[16,19,40,50,73,84,117,123,134,141,160,177,181,189,197],"thermal":[17,41,161],"characteristics":[18],"their":[20,119],"impact":[21],"on":[22,35,48,101],"the":[23,75,114,143,158],"system":[24,93],"through":[25,148],"data-driven":[26,63,128],"analysis.":[27],"However,":[28],"most":[29],"publicly":[30],"available":[31],"traces":[32],"solely":[33],"focuses":[34],"application":[36],"workloads":[37],"ignoring":[38],"energy":[39,135,159],"aspects,":[42],"forcing":[43],"existing":[44],"studies":[45],"rely":[47],"inaccurate":[49],"unrealistic":[51],"analytical":[52],"or":[53],"simulation":[54],"models.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57,149,170],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"present":[60],"a":[61,66,92,108,138,164],"comprehensive":[62],"analysis":[64,111,171],"of":[65,95,137,145,163,169],"production":[67],"center.":[70,166],"We":[71,106,125],"monitor":[72],"collect":[74],"physical":[76,139],"machine-level":[77],"metrics":[78],"such":[79],"as":[80],"resource":[81,132],"utilization,":[82],"temperature":[85],"for":[86],"up":[87],"nine":[89],"months,":[90],"with":[91],"size":[94],"over":[96],"26000":[97],"CPU":[98],"cores":[99],"hosting,":[100],"average":[102],"1300":[103],"virtual":[104],"machines.":[105],"perform":[107],"systematic":[109],"statistical":[110],"characterize":[113],"monitored":[115],"data,":[116],"study":[118,153],"distributions,":[120],"variations,":[121],"trends,":[122],"inter-dependencies.":[124],"also":[126],"develop":[127],"models":[129],"predict":[131],"usage":[133],"consumption":[136],"machine,":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"usefulness":[144],"our":[146],"dataset":[147,188],"use":[150,198],"case.":[151],"Our":[152],"reveals":[154],"interesting":[155],"insights":[156],"into":[157],"phenomena":[162],"The":[167,186],"outcome":[168],"helps":[172],"increase":[174],"infrastructure":[175],"efficiency":[176],"long-term":[178],"strategic":[179],"planning":[180],"improve":[182],"key":[183],"business":[184],"KPIs.":[185],"ope-sourced":[187],"artefacts":[190],"enables":[191],"investigate":[193],"new":[194],"optimization":[195],"approaches":[196],"cases":[199],"by":[200],"researchers.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
