{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386242303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604656","title":"Iterative Partial Fulfillment of Counterfactual Explanations: Benefits and Risks","display_name":"Iterative Partial Fulfillment of Counterfactual Explanations: Benefits and Risks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386242303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600211.3604656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604656","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600211.3604656","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600211.3604656","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074749353","display_name":"Yilun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-3880"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yilun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074749353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1746,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55419511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"248","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8609472513198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial","display_name":"Denial","score":0.675906240940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.6620289087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6308457255363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salary","display_name":"Salary","score":0.463010311126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45509597659111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3772822916507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37325519323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3447878658771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3412666618824005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.32024306058883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24664565920829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.236843079328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2054096758365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.15525123476982117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8609472513198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.675906240940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.6620289087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6308457255363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.463010311126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45509597659111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3772822916507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37325519323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3447878658771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3412666618824005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.32024306058883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24664565920829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.236843079328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2054096758365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15525123476982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600211.3604656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604656","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600211.3604656","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600211.3604656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604656","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600211.3604656","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386242303.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059141064","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2593390416","https://openalex.org/W2765204106","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2966362896","https://openalex.org/W3005086430","https://openalex.org/W3135487809","https://openalex.org/W3157950068","https://openalex.org/W3175645274","https://openalex.org/W3193042250","https://openalex.org/W3202810143","https://openalex.org/W4280578116","https://openalex.org/W4287186718","https://openalex.org/W4298235707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599","https://openalex.org/W3028847759","https://openalex.org/W2393688264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Counterfactual":[0],"(CF)":[1],"explanations,":[2],"also":[3],"known":[4],"as":[5,60],"contrastive":[6],"explanations":[7,36],"and":[8,62,98,175,179,208,213],"algorithmic":[9],"recourses,":[10],"are":[11,37],"popular":[12],"for":[13,198,217],"explaining":[14],"machine":[15],"learning":[16],"models":[17],"in":[18,205],"high-stakes":[19],"domains.":[20],"For":[21],"a":[22,26,66,79,91,95,141],"subject":[23,47,83],"that":[24,140,181],"receives":[25],"negative":[27],"model":[28],"prediction":[29,93,102],"(e.g.,":[30,116,138],"mortgage":[31],"application":[32],"denial),":[33],"the":[34,46,82,101,112,136,162,169,206],"CF":[35,80,183,211],"similar":[38],"instances":[39],"but":[40],"with":[41,94],"positive":[42],"predictions,":[43],"which":[44],"informs":[45],"of":[48,123,145,165,194,210],"ways":[49],"to":[50,111,134,201],"improve.":[51],"While":[52],"their":[53,69],"various":[54],"properties":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57],"studied,":[58],"such":[59,155],"validity":[61],"stability,":[63],"we":[64],"contribute":[65],"novel":[67],"one:":[68],"behaviors":[70,188],"under":[71,189],"iterative":[72,156],"partial":[73,106,157],"fulfillment":[74,107,158],"(IPF).":[75],"Specifically,":[76],"upon":[77],"receiving":[78],"explanation,":[81,97],"may":[84],"only":[85,118],"partially":[86],"fulfill":[87],"it":[88],"before":[89],"requesting":[90],"new":[92,96],"repeat":[99],"until":[100],"is":[103,147,152],"positive.":[104],"Such":[105],"could":[108],"be":[109,202],"due":[110],"subject\u2019s":[113],"limited":[114],"capability":[115],"can":[117],"pay":[119],"down":[120],"two":[121],"out":[122],"four":[124],"credit":[125],"card":[126],"accounts":[127],"at":[128],"this":[129,199],"moment)":[130],"or":[131,160],"an":[132],"attempt":[133],"take":[135],"chance":[137],"betting":[139],"monthly":[142],"salary":[143],"increase":[144,159],"$800":[146],"enough":[148],"even":[149],"though":[150],"$1,000":[151],"recommended).":[153],"Does":[154],"decrease":[161],"total":[163],"cost":[164],"improvement":[166],"incurred":[167],"by":[168],"subject?":[170],"We":[171,191],"mathematically":[172],"formalize":[173],"IPF":[174],"demonstrate,":[176],"both":[177],"theoretically":[178],"empirically,":[180],"different":[182,187],"algorithms":[184],"exhibit":[185],"vastly":[186],"IPF.":[190],"discuss":[192],"implications":[193],"our":[195],"observations,":[196],"advocate":[197],"factor":[200],"carefully":[203],"considered":[204],"development":[207],"study":[209],"algorithms,":[212],"give":[214],"several":[215],"directions":[216],"future":[218],"work.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}