{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385688085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605084","title":"A Systematic Review of Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment Methodologies for Connected and Automated Vehicles","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment Methodologies for Connected and Automated Vehicles","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385688085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605084","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605084","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605084","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019191272","display_name":"Meriem Benyahya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-4214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meriem Benyahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-4214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049732617","display_name":"Teri Lenard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-034X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teri Lenard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-034X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089409482","display_name":"Anastasija Collen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasija Collen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037256822","display_name":"Niels Alexander Nijdam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels Alexander Nijdam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-6319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geneva School of Economics and Management, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3051,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8203125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.7349749207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7009667754173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.6575495600700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6121079325675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6035138368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.56724613904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.544298529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5241765379905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5168986320495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4585849940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4172334671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39240437746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.37675389647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3640289902687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.337070107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17894324660301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15755701065063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0927799642086029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.7349749207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7009667754173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6575495600700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6121079325675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6035138368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.56724613904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.544298529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5241765379905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5168986320495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4585849940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4172334671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39240437746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.37675389647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3640289902687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.337070107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17894324660301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15755701065063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0927799642086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605084","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605084","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:171907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:171907","pdf_url":"https://access.archive-ouverte.unige.ch/access/metadata/5a30f993-3ca1-48a5-aea1-116631ccb1fe/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2023), (2023) p. 1-10","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605084","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605084","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3808656387","display_name":"ULTIMO - Advancing Sustainable User-centric Mobility with Automated Vehicles","funder_award_id":"101077587","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3846308243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"875530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5647233472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101077587","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8837722428","display_name":"SHared automation Operating models for Worldwide adoption","funder_award_id":"875530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331186","display_name":"European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335238","display_name":"Staatssekretariat f\u00fcr Bildung, Forschung und Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kw63t33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385688085.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385688085.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1610437070","https://openalex.org/W2405325693","https://openalex.org/W2491182787","https://openalex.org/W2514968539","https://openalex.org/W2543248853","https://openalex.org/W2786072337","https://openalex.org/W2790954596","https://openalex.org/W2797382335","https://openalex.org/W2804907561","https://openalex.org/W2971151001","https://openalex.org/W2971318270","https://openalex.org/W3043018359","https://openalex.org/W3087812235","https://openalex.org/W3136050648","https://openalex.org/W3150755857","https://openalex.org/W3162099455","https://openalex.org/W3197367695","https://openalex.org/W3214767902","https://openalex.org/W3215578307","https://openalex.org/W4210689082","https://openalex.org/W4224985615","https://openalex.org/W4230537558","https://openalex.org/W4244983850","https://openalex.org/W4250346387","https://openalex.org/W4292572069","https://openalex.org/W4294169504","https://openalex.org/W4310153678","https://openalex.org/W4316087312","https://openalex.org/W4327948216","https://openalex.org/W4366306859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2378405797","https://openalex.org/W2913869602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,14,69,74,79,91,111,120,146,152,164,171,186,198,209,225],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,36,49,86,212,227,229],"high":[4],"cyber":[5],"risks":[6],"within":[7],"Connected":[9],"Automated":[10],"Vehicle":[11],"(CAV)\u2019s":[12],"environment,":[13],"core":[15],"regulation":[16],"bodies":[17],"mandated":[18],"applying":[19],"Threat":[20],"Analysis":[21],"and":[22,42,73,133,161,182,205,223,233],"Risk":[23],"Assessment":[24],"(TARA)":[25],"methodologies.":[26],"Conducting":[27],"auspicious":[28],"TARA":[29,51,70,88,105,159,213],"is":[30,125,149,155],"essential":[31],"to":[32,110,123,170,184,207,215],"ensure":[33],"acceptable":[34],"level":[35,148],"risk":[37,134,172],"by":[38,157],"analysing":[39],"potential":[40],"threats":[41],"determining":[43],"corresponding":[44],"mitigation":[45],"strategies.":[46],"Albeit":[47],"plethora":[48],"standardised":[50],"versions":[52],"are":[53,56,108,180],"available,":[54],"they":[55,60],"not-ready-to-use":[57],"methods":[58,179,214],"or":[59],"do":[61],"not":[62],"encapsulate":[63],"heterogeneous":[64],"CAVs":[65,124],"properties.":[66],"By":[67],"considering":[68],"emerging":[71],"trends":[72],"CAVs\u2019":[75],"SAE":[76,230],"automation":[77,147],"levels,":[78],"present":[80,199],"work":[81],"provides":[82],"a":[83,101,115,142],"systematic":[84,102],"study":[85],"salient":[87],"methodologies":[89],"in":[90],"last":[92],"ten":[93],"years.":[94],"The":[95],"methodology":[96],"we":[97],"applied":[98],"starts":[99],"with":[100,141,188,218],"review":[103],"identifying":[104],"approaches":[106],"that":[107,197],"relevant":[109],"automotive":[112,221],"domain":[113],"at":[114],"large":[116],"scope.":[117],"After":[118],"that,":[119],"methods\u2019":[121],"applicability":[122],"evaluated":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128,144],"their":[129],"threat":[130],"analysis":[131],"avenues":[132],"metrics.":[135,173],"We":[136,195],"elevate":[137],"our":[138],"appraisal":[139],"further":[140],"focus":[143],"how":[145,151,162,177],"considered,":[150],"privacy":[153],"impact":[154],"assessed":[156],"each":[158],"method,":[160],"subjective":[163],"experts":[165],"were":[166],"while":[167],"assessing":[168],"scores":[169],"Our":[174],"investigation":[175],"spotlights":[176],"different":[178],"intertwined":[181],"joint":[183],"meet":[185],"compliance":[187],"key":[189],"standards":[190],"such":[191],"as":[192],"ISO/SAE":[193],"21434.":[194],"believe":[196],"study\u2019s":[200],"findings":[201],"identify":[202],"knowledge":[203],"gaps":[204],"help":[206],"shape":[208],"next":[210],"generation":[211],"keep":[216],"pace":[217],"rapidly":[219],"evolving":[220],"technologies":[222],"support":[224],"readiness":[226],"CAV":[228],"levels":[231],"four":[232],"five.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}